Redshift distribution of BNSs through detection of GWs and sGRBs. In blue, we show the distribution for LIGO (design sensitivity), where the shaded region with the dotted line represents the distribution for those GW sources with S/N between 6 and 8. In orange, we plot the distribution of Fermi/GBM GRBs (the same distribution as in Figs. 11–13), where the red region corresponds to the off-axis GRBs, generated with the addition to our model as described in Sect. 3.4.