Temporal evolution of the longitudinally-averaged magnetic fields and horizontal velocities. (a) Azimuthal mean of the radial field ⟨B_r⟩ at the surface r = 0.985 R_⊙. (b) Azimuthal mean of the longitudinal field ⟨B_ϕ⟩ near the base of the convection zone r = 0.715 R_⊙. Black solid lines are the contours of the emerged BMRs at each time. (c) Torsional oscillation pattern δ⟨Ω⟩=⟨Ω⟩−⟨Ω⟩_t at the surface where ⟨⟩_t denotes the azimuthal and temporal average. (d) Azimuthal mean of the latitudinal velocity ⟨v_θ⟩ at the surface. Red (blue) in the northern hemisphere represents the equatorward (poleward) flow. (e) The same as (d) but near the base of the convection zone. Black dashed lines denote the contours of the toroidal field at the base (8.5 kG). (f) Entropy perturbation δ⟨s₁⟩=⟨s₁⟩−⟨s₁⟩_t at the surface.