Fig. 3

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12C/13C isotope ratios from C34S/13C34S, CN/13CN, C18O/13C18O, , CH+/ 13CH+, and CH/13CH are plotted as functions of the distance from the Galactic center. The red symbol ⊙ indicates the 12C/13C isotope ratio of the Sun. The filled black circles are the results obtained from C34S with corrections of opacity in the current work, and the resulting first-order polynomial fit is plotted as a solid line, with the gray-shaded area showing the 1σ interval of the fit. The open black circles are the 3σ lower limits obtained from nondetections of 13C34S in the current work. The blue triangles, orange pentagons, yellow stars, green squares, and green diamonds are values determined from CN (Savage et al. 2002; Milam et al. 2005), C18O (Langer & Penzias 1990; Wouterloot & Brand 1996; Keene et al. 1998), H2CO (Henkel et al. 1980, 1982, 1983, 1985; Yan et al. 2019), CH+ (Ritchey et al. 2011), and CH (Jacob et al. 2020), respectively, using the most up-to-date distances. The red crosses visualize the results from the GCE model of Kobayashi et al. (2011, 2020, see also Sect. 4.9).
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