Non-ideal MHD effects in the C-3 and NC-3 simulations. Top panel: abundances of ions (purple) and electrons (green) as a function of density in models with coagulation (C-3; solid lines) or without it (NC-3; dashed lines). Middle panel: volume-averaged Ohmic (purple), ambipolar (green), and Hall (blue) resistivities for the same models. Bottom panel: average ambipolar Elsasser number Am in the mid-plane as a function of radius. The thin grey line represents Am = 1.