Table 3
Rotation parameters of the ephemeris frames with respect to the Gaia and VLBI celestial reference frames.
| Ephemeris | Subset | NPSR | Nobs | R1 | ± | R2 | ± | R3 | ± |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mas) | (mas) | (mas) | (mas) | (mas) | (mas) | ||||
| wrt. Gaia-CRF | |||||||||
| DE200 | All | 10 | 11 | 9 | 11 | −25 | 21 | −27 | 49 |
| MSP(a) | 3 | 4 | 8 | 10 | −24.9 | 5.9 | −26 | 14 | |
| Non-MSP | 7 | 7 | −158 | 63 | −402 | 29 | −292 | 128 | |
| DE405 | All | 7 | 7 | 0.9 | 9.5 | −5.4 | 9.9 | 0.6 | 3.1 |
| MSP | 5 | 5 | 0.9 | 4.9 | −5.4 | 4.9 | 0.7 | 3.3 | |
| Non-MSP(b) | 2 | 2 | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| DE421 | All | 9 | 13 | 0.7 | 0.5 | −3.0 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.4 |
| MSP | 7 | 11 | 0.7 | 0.7 | −2.8 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.7 | |
| Non-MSP(b) | 2 | 2 | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| DE430 | All(a) | 4 | 5 | 29 | 30 | 79 | 78 | −93 | 90 |
| MSP(b) | 1 | 1 | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Non-MSP(a) | 3 | 4 | −148 | 186 | −329 | 333 | −647 | 404 | |
| DE436 | All (MSP)(b) | 2 | 3 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| wrt. VLBI-CRF | |||||||||
| DE200 | All | 55 | 106 | −0.1 | 5.8 | −6 | 15 | −5.9 | 5.6 |
| MSP(a) | 4 | 9 | −0.9 | 1.1 | −13.0 | 1.2 | −12.1 | 0.6 | |
| Non-MSP | 51 | 97 | 0.9 | 6.0 | −3 | 17 | −5.0 | 4.3 | |
| DE405 | All | 11 | 12 | −2.7 | 6.0 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| MSP(b) | 2 | 3 | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Non-MSP | 9 | 9 | −30 | 15 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 2 | 13 | |
| DE421 | All | 21 | 31 | −1.1 | 0.9 | −0.6 | 0.7 | −0.1 | 0.4 |
| MSP | 5 | 14 | −0.3 | 0.9 | −1.2 | 0.6 | −0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Non-MSP | 16 | 17 | −9.0 | 9.5 | −2.3 | 1.6 | −0.4 | 5.5 | |
| DE430 | All | 18 | 28 | 4.8 | 9.0 | 17 | 15 | −0.3 | 3.2 |
| MSP(b) | 1 | 2 | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Non-MSP | 17 | 26 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 1.8 | 1.0 | |
| DE436 | All (MSP)(a) | 4 | 9 | −2.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| wrt. combined Gaia/VLBI-CRF | |||||||||
| DE200 | All | 64 | 117 | −0.4 | 5.4 | −6 | 16 | −6.3 | 5.4 |
| MSP | 6 | 13 | 1.8 | 9.2 | −16.4 | 7.2 | −14.5 | 3.7 | |
| Non-MSP | 58 | 104 | 0.6 | 6.1 | −5 | 17 | −5.3 | 4.8 | |
| DE405 | All | 17 | 19 | −0.8 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.4 |
| MSP | 6 | 8 | −0.7 | 0.8 | −0.3 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | |
| Non-MSP | 11 | 11 | −36 | 13 | 5.0 | 5.1 | −40 | 132 | |
| DE421 | All | 29 | 44 | −0.5 | 0.6 | −0.9 | 0.6 | −0.1 | 0.4 |
| MSP | 11 | 25 | −0.4 | 0.6 | −1.2 | 0.5 | −0.1 | 0.4 | |
| Non-MSP | 18 | 19 | −4 | 12 | −4 | 12 | −0.4 | 5.4 | |
| DE430 | All | 22 | 33 | 1.4 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 7.0 | −2.9 | 3.8 |
| MSP(b) | 2 | 3 | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Non-MSP | 20 | 30 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 21 | 1.2 | 3.1 | |
| DE436 | All (MSP) | 5 | 12 | −1.3 | 1.4 | −0.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
Notes. The first two columns display the ephemeris name and the subset, followed by the number of pulsars and the number of astrometric timing measurements used in the least-squares fitting. Columns 5–10 tabulate the estimates of rotation parameters and the corresponding uncertainties (see Sect. 2.3 for details). (a)The rotation parameters were obtained from a single least-squares fitting for this sample. (b)The number of pulsars in this sample is so small (less than three) that the corresponding rotation parameters were not estimated.
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