Table 1
Overview of pulsar positions measured by timing, VLBI, and Gaia.
| CRF | Subset | Epoch | NPSR | Nobs |  |
σδ | σpos,max | σϖ |  |
σμ,δ | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (yr) | (mas) | (mas) | (mas) | (mas) | (mas yr−1) | (mas yr−1) | |||||
| DE200 | All | 1994.1 | 75 | 142 | 75 | 120 | 173 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 1-23 |
| MSP | 1996.9 | 10 | 20 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.7 | 1.4 | ||
| Non-MSP | 1993.5 | 65 | 122 | 99 | 165 | 194 | …(a) | 15 | 22 | ||
| DE405 | All | 2004.0 | 23 | 26 | 52 | 90 | 127 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 24-34 |
| MSP | 2004.3 | 20 | 13 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 0.30 | ||
| Non-MSP | 2002.3 | 13 | 13 | 749 | 200 | 1075 | …(a) | …(a) | …(a) | ||
| DE421 | All | 2009.5 | 35 | 55 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.44 | 26, 35-51 |
| MSP | 2009.5 | 15 | 33 | 0.16 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.17 | ||
| Non-MSP | 2010.4 | 20 | 22 | 41 | 65 | 76 | …(a) | 9.0 | 18.5 | ||
| DE430 | All | 2016.6 | 27 | 42 | 77 | 186 | 225 | 0.23 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 26,52-53 |
| MSP | 2016.6 | 4 | 5 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.13 | ||
| Non-MSP | 2016.6 | 23 | 37 | 86 | 200 | 237 | …(a) | 3.0 | 4.5 | ||
| DE436(b) | All (MSP) | 2009.9 | 8 | 16 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 54-56 |
| Gaia | All | 2016.0 | 49 | 49 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 57 |
| MSP | 2016.0 | 27 | 27 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.24 | ||
| Non-MSP | 2016.0 | 22 | 22 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.17 | ||
| VLBI | All | 2012.2 | 62 | 62 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 58-61 |
| MSP | 2012.2 | 6 | 6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.12 | ||
| Non-MSP | 2012.2 | 56 | 56 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.12 | ||
Notes. The first two columns give the reference frames to which the astrometric parameters of pulsars are referred and the classification of pulsars. The next three columns tabulate the median position epoch, the number of pulsars, and the number of astrometric measurements for these pulsars (some pulsars have more than one timing measurement). Columns 6–11 display the median formal uncertainty of the astrometric parameter measurements. The last column provides the references for the data. (a)The parallax or proper motion was not measured for this sample. (b)All pulsars in this sample are millisecond pulsars.
References. (1) Hobbs et al. (2004); (2) Arzoumanian et al. (1994b); (3) Siegman et al. (1993); (4) D'Amico et al. (1996); (5) Wang et al. (2001); (6) Stairs et al. (1998); (7) Stairs et al. (2002); (8) Konacki et al. (2003); (9) Wolszczan et al. (2000); (10) Arzoumanian et al. (1994a); (11) Kaspi et al. (1996); (12) Bell et al. (1997); (13) Manchester et al. (2006); (14) D'Amico et al. (1998); (15) Lange et al. (2001); (16) Camilo et al. (1996); (17) Toscano et al. (1999); (18) Camilo et al. (2001); (19) Manchester et al. (2001); (20) Kramer et al. (2003); (21) Lorimer et al. (2006); (22) Indrani et al. (1998); (23) Bailes et al. (1994); (24) Zou et al. (2005); (25) Gonzalez et al. (2011); (26) Lower et al. (2020); (27) Hotan et al. (2006); (28) Lazaridis et al. (2009); (29) Verbiest et al. (2009); (30) Roy et al. (2015); (31) Pletsch et al. (2012); (32) Crawford et al. (2013); (33) Ray et al. (2011); (34) Janssen et al. (2009); (35) Dang et al. (2020); (36) Liu et al. (2020a); (37) Shannon et al. (2014); (38) Fonseca et al. (2014); (39) Verbiest et al. (2016); (40) Desvignes et al. (2016); (41) Matthews et al. (2016); (42) Li et al. (2016); (43) Antoniadis et al. (2013); (44) Reardon et al. (2016); (45) Bassa et al. (2016); (46) Deneva et al. (2021); (47) Bates et al. (2015); (48) Stovall et al. (2014); (49) Parent et al. (2019); (50) Stovall et al. (2016); (51) Ho et al. (2017); (52) Jankowski et al. (2019); (53) Kaplan et al. (2016); (54) Perera et al. (2019); (55) Arzoumanian et al. (2018); (56) Reardon et al. (2021); (57) Gaia Collaboration (2021); (58) Deller et al. (2016); (59) Deller et al. (2019); (60) Ding et al. (2020); (61) Ding et al. (2021).
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