DREAM - I. Orbital architecture orrery | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

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Volume 669 (January 2023)

A&A, 669 (2023) A63

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Table C.8

Properties of the Kepler-25 system

Parameter	Symbol	Value	Unit	Origin
Stellar parameters

Spectral type		F8		Derived
Stellar temperature	T_eff	6354 ± 27	K	Benomar et al. (2014)
Stellar radius	R_*	${1.316}_{- 0.015}^{+ 0.016}$ $1.316_{ - 0.015}^{ + 0.016}$	R_⊙	Mills et al. (2019)
Stellar Mass	M_*	${1.165}_{- 0.027}^{+ 0.029}$ $1.165_{ - 0.027}^{ + 0.029}$	Me	Mills et al. (2019)
Stellar spin inclination	i_*	${66.7}_{- 7.4}^{+ 12.1}^{†}$ $66.7_{ - 7.4}^{ + 12.1}{\,^\dag }$	deg	Benomar et al. (2014)
Stellar equatorial period	P_eq	—	d	—
Stellar projected velocity	v_eq sin i_*	${8.89}_{- 0.63}^{+ 10.59}$ $8.89_{ - 0.63}^{ + 10.59}$		This work
Limb-darkening coefficients	u₁	0.381		Exofast
	u₂	0.302
Age	τ	2.75 ± 0.3	Gyr	Benomar et al. (2014)

Planet b parameters

Orbital period	P	6.2385347882 ± 0.0000001619	d	Battley et al. (2021)
Transit epoch	T₀	2454954.7979391 ± 0.0002168	BJD_TDB	Battley et al. (2021)
		${2458648.00807}_{- 0.00051}^{+ 0.00057}$ $2458648.00807_{ - 0.00051}^{ + 0.00057}$	BJD_TDB	This work
Eccentricity	e	${0.0029}_{- 0.0017}^{+ 0.0023}$ $0.0029_{ - 0.0017}^{ + 0.0023}$		Mills et al. (2019)
Argument of periastron	ω	—	deg	—
Planetary mass	M_p	${0.0275}_{- 0.0073}^{+ 0.0079}$ $0.0275_{ - 0.0073}^{ + 0.0079}$	M_Jup	Mills et al. (2019)
Orbital inclination	i	${87.173}_{- 0.084}^{+ 0.083}$ $87.173_{ - 0.084}^{ + 0.083}$	deg	Mills et al. (2019)

Planet c parameters

Orbital period	P	12.720370495 ± 0.000001703	d	Battley et al. (2021)
Transit epoch	T₀	2454960.6467450 ± 0.0001144	BJD_TDB	Battley et al. (2021)
		${2458649.55482}_{- 0.00026}^{+ 0.00028}$ $2458649.55482_{ - 0.00026}^{ + 0.00028}$	BJD_TDB	This work
Eccentricity	e	${0.0061}_{- 0.0041}^{+ 0.0049}$ $0.0061_{ - 0.0041}^{ + 0.0049}$		Mills et al. (2019)
Argument of periastron	ω	—	deg	—
Planetary mass	M_p	${0.0479}_{- 0.0041}^{+ 0.0051}$ $0.0479_{ - 0.0041}^{ + 0.0051}$	M_Jup	Mills et al. (2019)
Scaled separation	a/R_*	18.336 ± 0.27		Mills et al. (2019)
Orbital inclination	i	${87.236}_{- 0.042}^{+ 0.039}$ $87.236_{ - 0.042}^{ + 0.039}$	deg	Mills et al. (2019)
Impact parameter	b	0.8826 ± 0.0018		Benomar et al. (2014)
Transit duration	T₁₄	2.862 ± 0.006	h	Benomar et al. (2014)
Planet-to-star radius ratio	Rp/R_*	0.03637 ± 0.00012		Mills et al. (2019)
Projected spin-orbit angle	λ	$- {0.9}_{- 6.4}^{+ 7.7}$ $- 0.9_{ - 6.4}^{ + 7.7}$	deg	This work
3D spin-orbit angle	ψ_N	${21.4}_{- 9.2}^{+ 8.9}$ $21.4_{ - 9.2}^{ + 8.9}$	deg	This work
	ψ_S	${26.8}_{- 9.4}^{+ 9.5}$ $26.8_{ - 9.4}^{ + 9.5}$	deg
	ψ	${24.1}_{- 9.3}^{+ 9.2}$ $24.1_{ - 9.3}^{ + 9.2}$	deg

Planet d parameters

Orbital period	P	${122.4}_{- 0.71}^{+ 0.80}$ $122.4_{ - 0.71}^{ + 0.80}$	d	Mills et al. (2019)
Transit epoch	T₀	$2455715_{- 7.2}^{+ 6.8}$ $2455715_{ - 7.2}^{ + 6.8}$	BJD_TDB	Mills et al. (2019)
Eccentricity	e	${0.13}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.13}$ $0.13_{ - 0.09}^{ + 0.13}$		Mills et al. (2019)
Argument of periastron	ω	—	deg	—
Minimum planetary mass	M_p sin i	0.226 ± 0.031	M_Jup	Mills et al. (2019)

Notes: For consistency with our framework we brought the orbital inclinations published by Mills et al. (2019) within 90-180° back to within 0-90°. Arguments of periastron were not derived by Mills et al. (2019), but are not required here as circular orbital models were used for the RM analysis. The stellar reflex motion induced by each planet was calculated using the stellar and planetary masses and orbital inclination. The scaled separation was derived by reconstructing PDFs for P_c, R_*, and M_* from Mills et al. (2019) and using Kepler's third law.^† We use the value derived from asteroseismology alone (Fig. 9 in Benomar et al. 2014).

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