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Table 2.

Main characteristics of the TP-(S)AGB of our models.

Mini NTP τTP-(S)AGB ΔtIP Mc, ini Mc, f Menv, f ⟨THeBS⟩ ⟨THBS⟩ ⟨TBCE⟩ ⟨λ⟩ ⟨Ṁwind⟩
(M⊙) (Myr) (yr) (M⊙) (M⊙) (M⊙) (MK) (MK) (MK) (M⊙) (M⊙ yr−1)
Z = 10−10
3★ 35(2) 0.78 17990 0.77 0.79 < 0.1 313 82 36 0.14 0.87 2.8 × 10−6
4★ 41(1) 0.33 7712 0.85 0.87 < 0.1 312 99 58 0.12 0.76 9.5 × 10−6
5♣ 482 0.59 1471 0.89 1.14 3.08 223 157 26 – – 1.3 × 10−6
6 77 0.99 2927 0.95 0.97 < 0.1 331 111 86 0.19 0.80 2.9 × 10−5
7 69 0.13 1658 1.00 1.02 < 0.1 329 116 103 0.05 0.71 4.7 × 10−5
7.5 82 0.09 1053 1.04 1.06 0.18 327 123 118 0.04 0.70 6.6 × 10−5
8.0 103 0.05 488 1.11 1.12 0.10 323 135 130 0.02 0.62 1.3 × 10−4
8.5 102 0.03 285 1.16 1.17 0.21 328 136 132 0.01 0.57 2.3 × 10−4
Z = 10−8
3★ 27(2) 0.34 15206 0.81 0.83 < 0.1 316 85 47 0.11 0.87 6.1 × 10−6
4★ 36(1) 0.30 6719 0.87 0.88 < 0.1 318 104 61 0.11 0.77 1.0 × 10−5
5♣ 402 0.54 1418 0.91 1.14 3.11 230 154 24 – – 1.8 × 10−6
6 58 0.17 2693 0.96 0.97 0.12 322 114 81 0.29 0.70 2.9 × 10−5
7 69 0.11 1442 1.02 1.03 < 0.1 323 120 107 0.07 0.57 5.3 × 10−5
7.5 82 0.10 983 1.06 1.07 0.17 329 123 118 0.03 0.70 6.4 × 10−5
8.0 95 0.05 492 1.12 1.13 0.18 330 138 133 0.02 0.63 1.3 × 10−4
8.5 97 0.04 296 1.17 1.18 0.23 331 134 130 0.01 0.60 2.0 × 10−4
Z = 10−7
3★ 24 0.38 12700 0.82 0.84 < 0.1 310 94 46 0.10 0.75 5.6 × 10−6
4 38 0.28 78590 0.87 0.88 < 0.1 317 105 58 0.19 0.69 1.1 × 10−5
5 60 0.07 3929 0.91 0.94 < 0.1 311 109 76 0.06 0.57 1.6 × 10−5
6 58 0.05 2688 0.97 0.98 < 0.1 327 114 86 0.06 0.73 1.1 × 10−5
7 72 0.01 1082 1.05 1.07 < 0.1 326 122 116 0.04 0.70 5.6 × 10−5
7.5 85 0.06 534 1.11 1.12 0.09 324 131 126 0.05 0.64 1.0 × 10−4
8.0 72 0.02 285 1.18 1.19 0.25 336 130 125 0.007 0.61 3.2 × 10−4
8.5 87 0.002 153 1.23 1.24 0.24 347 131 126 0.009 0.50 4.5 × 10−4
Z = 10−6
3 26 0.42 14140 0.82 0.84 < 0.1 317 89 42 0.08 0.80 2.3 × 10−6
4 36 0.30 8424 0.87 0.88 0.22 325 96 65 0.15 0.86 9.7 × 10−6
5 45 0.27 5070 0.89 0.92 < 0.1 326 104 75 0.06 0.82 1.5 × 10−5
6 54 0.13 2128 0.99 1.01 0.16 327 114 93 0.05 0.77 3.7 × 10−5
7 65 0.06 668 1.11 1.12 0.27 350 127 121 0.02 0.81 9.4 × 10−5
7.5 75 0.02 260 1.17 1.18 0.27 353 132 129 0.006 0.47 2.7 × 10−4
8.0 92 0.01 139 1.24 1.25 0.34 349 131 125 0.005 0.47 4.0 × 10−4

Notes. Models marked with a star (★) experience proton-ingestion episodes. Thermal pulses gradually decrease in intensity and vanish in the models marked with a club symbol (♣). In these cases models fail to converge while their convective envelopes have very high masses (≳3 M⊙), and thus their fates are unknown (see text for details). Mini corresponds to the initial mass. NTP is the number of thermal pulses and, in parenthesis, the number of proton-ingestion episodes. τTP-(S)AGB, and ΔtIP are, respectively, the duration of the TP-(S)AGB (given from the first thermal pulse until the end of our computations), and the interpulse period. Mc, ini, Mc, f and Menv, f are the masses of the H-exhausted cores prior to the TP-(S)AGB, the masses of the H-exhausted cores, and the remnant envelopes at the end of the TP-(S)AGB. ⟨THeBS⟩, ⟨THBS⟩, ⟨TBCE⟩ are the temperatures at the times of maximum luminosity for each pulse, given at the centre of the He-burning shell, at the centre of the H-burning shell, and at the base of the convective envelope, and averaged over the number of thermal pulses in each sequence. is the total mass dredged-up ⟨λ⟩ is averaged over the number of thermal pulses in each case, and ⟨Ṁwind⟩ is the average mass-loss rates due to winds, that is, the envelope mass lost over the duration of the (S)AGB phase.

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