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Fig. 3.

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Temperature profile of the outermost layers of a 110 M star at the end of the simulation, evolved using the standard set. The high luminosity of the star combined with the peak in opacity due to hydrogen and helium ionization around 104 K causes Lrad/LEdd to exceed unity. This causes density and gas pressure inversions at 3 × 104 K. However, the low density of the environment renders convection inefficient and the star struggles to evolve despite reaching supersonic convective velocities.

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