Open Access
Table 1
Initial parameters for the thermal evolution model.
| Parameter | Symbol | Value | Unit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bond albedo | A, AR, AT | 0.06 | – | |
| Emissivity | ε | 0.95 | – | |
| Initial temperature | Ti | 30 | K | |
| Hertz factor | fH | 0.005 | – | |
| Pore radius | rpore | 10−4 | m | |
| Porosity | ψ | 75 | % | |
| Mass per unit volume | Dust | ρd | 1000 | kg m−3 |
| H2O ice | ρam,ρcr | 917 | kg m−3 | |
| CO ice |  |
1250 | kg m−3 | |
| CO2 ice |  |
1977 | kg m−3 | |
| Mass fraction | Dust/H2O |  |
1 | – |
| CO/H2O |  |
0 | – | |
| CO2/H2O |  |
0 | – | |
| Thermal conductivity | Dust | κd | 3 | W m−1 K−1 |
| Crystalline water ice | κcr | 567/T | Wm−1 K−1 | |
| Amorphous water ice | κam | 2.34 × 10−3 T + 2.8 × 10−2 | W m−1 K−1 | |
| Heat capacity | Dust | cd | 1300 | J kg−1 K−1 |
| H2O ice |  |
1610 | J kg−1 K−1 | |
| CO ice | cCO | 2010 | J kg−1 K−1 | |
| CO2 ice |  |
1610 | J kg−1 K−1 | |
| Latent heat of sublimation | H2O |  |
2.83 × 106 | J kg−1 |
| CO | ΔHCO | 0.29 × 106 | J kg−1 | |
| CO2 |  |
0.58 × 106 | J kg−1 |
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