Time series at the Earth for the radial velocity values given in km s⁻¹ and number density given in cm⁻³. The tracing function is used for the AMR criteria. The black curve shows the observed values, the blue curve shows the original EUHFORIA result for the high-resolution simulation, and the orange, green, yellow, and purple curves correspond, respectively, to the AMR level 2 simulation, the AMR level 3 simulation, the middle-resolution simulation without AMR performed on an equidistant grid without stretching, and the middle-resolution run without AMR with grid stretching applied to the computational domain. The horizontal axis shows the time evolution.