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Fig. 7

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The fitting parameter values: (a) d1 characterizing the inertial drag force and (b) k characterizing the depth-proportional drag force. The colored dashed lines in both plots represent the scaling expectations d1s and ks estimated by Eqs. (3) and (4). The deviation of d1 from d1s is less than one order of magnitude and d1 values tend to approach d1s in the large v0 limit. However, k becomes much greater than the scaling expectations particularly in soft (porous and fragile) hierarchical targets. The error bars indicating the standard deviation of five experimental runs.

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