Estimated SFRs and redshifts of the Planck high-z sources (Planck Collaboration XXXIX 2016) as measured using Planck data (red points). For comparison, the SFRs of the 30 most SF simulated halos from 19 snapshots at different redshifts are also shown. In blue, we show the simulated halos’ SFRs computed by summing the SFR of all galaxies inside cylinders with diameter θ = 10 arcmin and lengths of D_L = 205, 615, and 1025 Mpc h⁻¹ (see Sect. 3). In green are the FoF SFR values.