Scenario of the empirical formula in the different geological ages at the Chang’E-4 landing site. (A) Mare floor of Von Kàrmàn (VK) crater. Von Kàrmàn crater formed before 3.8 Ga, which was then covered by the volcanic lava flow at about ~3.7 Ga ago (Chang et al. 2021). (B) Ejecta materials of the Orientale basin and/or the Finsen crater. The Yutu-2 radar observed the floor of the VK crater at a depth of ~45 m (Zhang et al. 2020; Lai et al. 2020). The materials within the first ~45 m are predominantly from the Orientale basin (~3.68 Ga; Xiao et al. 2021; Meyer et al. 2016), and some are from Finsen (~3.0 Ga; Chang et al. 2021; Xiao et al. 2021). (C) Regolith weathering. The top thickness of the lunar regolith was constrained to ~8.74m because the growth rate of the lunar regolith is ~3.26 m Ga⁻¹ at the Chang’E-4 landing site. The disturbance range of the lunar regolith is speculated to be ~0.14 m using the empirical formula. (D) Weathered regolith (after ~1.0 Ga to present). The thickness of the lunar regolith has a depth of ~12 m, which developed on top of the ejecta material. Finally, the disturbance range of the lunar regolith is speculated to be ~0.20 m as the Chang’E-4 landing site.