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Fig. 3.

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Degeneracies in Tdust and βRJ. The knife jacking method allowed us to estimate whether the characteristics of the dust emission, i.e., Tdust and βRJ, vary when removing and adding back individual galaxies from the sample used to build the composite template. The ellipses show the uncertainties. The outlier point at βRJ ∼ 1.1 and Tdust ∼ 51 K was obtained when taking off HZ10 at z = 5.659 with five pieces of data in the far-IR+submm range. Only when removing it did the average locus move to slightly larger values of βRJ, but with larger uncertainties.

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