Comparison epoch folding and waterfall-PCA folding for the original Vela pulsar data (total counts: 5 550 238 and ∆_s = 10 ns). To facilitate comparison, both outputs (χ² and ξ_ℓ) were normalized by their maxima. The red line shows the best Gaussian fit with an error in the centered position of 6.216 ns and 8.379 ns for χ² and ξ_ℓ. Fig. 13 shows the same dataset when (white) noise is added.