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Table A.1.

Main information of the reference sample used in Fig. 2

ID z Ref. Epoch Telescope ObsID Ref. Texp Δt Flux (0.5–7 keV) Var. Fact.
(z) (X-ray) ks Days 10−15 erg cm−2 s−1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
J0100+2802 6.3258 1 1 Chandra 17087 10 15 0.0
" " " 2 XMM-Newton 0790180701 11 45/61/60 35.1
J0224−4711 6.5223 2 1 Chandra 20418 2 18 0.0
" " " 2 XMM-Newton 0824400301 12 16/31/31 10.6
J036+03 6.541 3 1 XMM-Newton 0803160501 12 16/19/19 0.0
" " " 2 Chandra 20390 13 26 35.3
J0309+2717 6.10 4 1 Swift 00012068001 4 19 0.0
00012068002 4
00012068003 4
00012068004 4
00012068005 4
00012068006 4
00012068007 4
00012068008 4
" " " 2 Chandra 23107 14 27 20.3
" " " 3 Chandra 23830 14 102 52.0
24512 14
24513 14
24855 14
24856 14
J1030+0524 6.308 5 1 Chandra 3357 15 8 0.0
" " " 2 XMM-Newton 0148560501 16 61/73/74 65.4
" " " 3 Chandra 18185 17 479 753.5
18186 17
18187 17
19926 17
19987 17
19994 17
19995 17
20045 17
20046 17
20081 17
J1120+0641 7.0842 6 1 Chandra 13203 18 16 0.0
" " " 2 XMM-Newton 0693990101 18 152/238/238 60.8
0693990201 18
0693990301 18
J1306+0356 6.0337 7 1 Chandra 3358 15 8 0.0
" " " 2 Chandra 3966 19 118 95.1
J1429+5447 6.183 8 1 eROSITA All-sky survey 20 0.16 0.0
" " " 2 XMM-Newton 0871191201 21 15/22/22 31.5
J1641+3755 6.025 9 1 Chandra 20396 13 54.3 0.0
21961
" " " 2 XMM-Newton 0862560101 9 54/62/72 114.8 < 1.4 > 6.6
J308–21 6.24 7 1 XMM-Newton 0803161501 22 7/17/16 0.0
" " " 2 Chandra 20407 23 151 69
21725 23
21726 23

Notes. (1) QSO ID; (2) redshift; (3) reference for the redshift; (4) X-ray observation epoch; (5) telescope used for the X-ray observation; (6) observation ID; and (7) reference for the X-ray observation. We stress that we recomputed the fluxes as described in Appendix A. (8) Total exposure time of the observation epoch. Exposure times were filtered for background flaring and are reported separately for the EPIC PN, MOS1, and MOS2 cameras for XMM-Newton observations. (9) Time separations between epochs, in units of rest-frame days from the first observation epoch. We used the starting time of the observation, or the average of the starting times of the observations in the case of multiple pointings, as the time of one epoch. (10) Flux in the 0.5 − 7 keV band; and (11) X-ray variability factor, as defined in Sect. 3.1.

References. 1: Wang et al. (2016). 2: Wang et al. (2021a). 3: Mazzucchelli et al. (2017). 4: Belladitta et al. (2020). 5: Kurk et al. (2007). 6: Venemans et al. (2012). 7: Decarli et al. (2018). 8: Wang et al. (2011). 9: this work. 10: Ai et al. (2016). 11: Ai et al. (2017). 12: Pons et al. (2020). 13: Vito et al. (2019). 14: Ighina et al. (2022). 15: Brandt et al. (2002). 16: Farrah et al. (2004). 17: Nanni et al. (2018). 18: Moretti et al. (2014). 19: Schwartz & Virani (2004). 20: Medvedev et al. (2020). 21: Medvedev et al. (2021). 22: Connor et al. (2019). 23: Webb et al. (2020).

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