Cumulative histogram of the eccentricity distribution among the simulated planet population. In the upper panel, the normalized distributions of simulations with α viscosity values 10⁻⁴, 3.16 × 10⁻⁴, and 10⁻³, are depicted in blue, orange and green, respectively. Dashed lines indicate the eccentricities among all simulated planets, whereas the eccentricity distributions of only the hypothetically observable planets are shown as solid lines. The lower panel confronts the eccentricity distribution of planets in stable 3-planet systems (purple) with 2-planet systems (red) in which one planet collided or got ejected. For comparison, the eccentricity distribution of observed exoplanets around stars with luminosities exceeding 5 L_⊙ is shown as a black solid line in both panels.