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Table 3

Results of excitation analysis of AlF towards O Ceti in three selected regions shown in Fig. 1.

Region Diameter (R) Trot (K) Tvib (K) Model
1 22 145 ± 40 145 ± 40 (3.6 ± 1.1) × 1015 A
1 22 1332±794 1332 ± 794 (2.7 ± 0.7) × 1016 B
1 22 145 ± 40 1300 ± 500 (5.8 ± 2.0) × 1015 2.4 × 1023 (2.5 ± 1.7) × 10−8 C

2 11 320 320 2.1 × 1016 A
2 11 956 ±100 956 ± 100 (7.5 ± 0.4) × 1016 B
2 11 320 1300 ± 500 (3.0 ± 0.7) × 1016 2.0 × 1024 (1.5 ± 0.8) × 10−8 C

3 4 320 1300 ± 500 (5.0 ± 2.0) × 1016 6.1 × 1024 (0.8 ± 0.5) × 10−8 C

Notes. For regions 1 and 2: models A include v = 0 lines in the population diagram (PD) to calculate the excitation temperature and column density which result to underestimation of the flux density of v =1 lines as shown by blue dashed lines in Figs. 3 and 4, models B include both v = 0 and v =1 lines in the PD, which results in the overestimation of the flux densities of all lines, and model C separates Trot and Tvib and results in the best model outcomes, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 with red and green dashed lines and discussed in Sect. 3.1.1. (*)We note that is uncertain by a factor of two, as discussed in Sect. 3.1.2.

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