Velocity-weighted kSZ radial profile around the 30 431 WHL galaxy clusters with the Planck PR4 temperature map at 217 GHz (black) compared to the ones from three null tests and a simulated CMB map. Top left panel: clusters are displaced at random positions on the Planck map, and then stacked. This process is repeated 1000 times and the mean of the 1000 random samples is computed (cyan). The 1σ uncertainty is estimated by computing a standard deviation of the 1000 random samples. Top right panel: results from cluster stacking after randomly shuffling the LOS velocities of the clusters; this process is repeated 1000 times and the mean of the 1000 velocity-shuffled profiles is computed (yellow). The 1σ uncertainty is estimated by computing a standard deviation of the 1000 velocity-shuffled profiles. Bottom left panel: the clusters are stacked with a noise map produced by , where is the half mission 1(2) Planck map at 217 GHz (green). Bottom right panel: the clusters are stacked with a simulated CMB map (magenta). In both instances, the 1σ uncertainty is estimated using a bootstrap resampling.