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Table 3.

Model priors.

Parameter Prior distribution Notes
R0 R0 ∼ 𝒩(3.1, 0.2) Gaussian on standard value; Fitzpatrick (1999)
A0/mag A0 ∼ exp(−|A0|) × 𝒰[−0.1, 20] Exponential over [ − 0.1, 20] mag interval

μ/mag μ ∼ 𝒰[−5, 19] Uniform distance modulus from 1 pc to 60 kpc
( * )[Fe/H]/dex [Fe/H] ∼ 𝒰[−2, 0.2]×𝒩(μA, σA) Age-dependent Gaussian over model range
μA = 0; σA = 0.25   if log10(A/yr) < 9
μA = −3log10(A);σA = 0.5log10(A)+0.25   if log10(A/yr)≥9
Teff/K log(L/L) Teff, log(L)∼𝒰[HRD] Uniform in the region covered by isochrones

log10(A/yr) 𝒰[6, 13] Uniform log-age over the isochrone range
( * *)M/M M ∼ IMF(0.01, 120 M) Kroupa (2001) initial mass function.

log10(η/mag) η ∼ 𝒩+(0, 0.01)×𝒰[0, 0.3] Half-Gaussian truncated at 0.3 mag.

Notes. Details are provided in Sect. 3. ( * )[Fe/H] is prior-dominated and marginalized in our posterior (see Sect. 4.7). ( * *)The mass is not a sampling parameter but is predicted by our model.

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