EDP Sciences logo
Subscriber Authentication Point
Search
Menu
Home All issues Volume 662 (June 2022) A&A, 662 (2022) A32 Full HTML
Open Access

Table 4

LTE parameters.

Molecule Nx [cm−2] Tex [K] θs [″] Velocity offset [kms−1] Δv [kms−1] Comments
Cold component of the envelope
(†)CCH 4.0 × 1014 13 45 −0.8 ±0.4 3.8 ± 0.4 8.4 × 1022 4.8 × 10−9 2.0 × 10−1
CH3CCH 8.7 × 1015 35 6 −0.5 ± 0.3 3.7± 0.4 5.7 × 1023 1.5 × 10−8 4.3 × 100
c-C3 H2 9.3 × 1012 13 20 −0.5 ± 0.4 4.5±1.9 1.8 × 1023 5.0 × 10−11 4.6 × 10−3
HC3N 1.6 × 1014 24 15 −0.5 ± 0.2 3.4± 0.3 2.4 × 1023 6.6 × 10−10 8.0 × 10−2
HCO+ 3.3 × 1014 (6.6 × 1014) 13 26 – – 1.4 × 1023 1.7 × 10−9 1.2 × 10−1 (1)
H13CO+ 1.1 × 1013 13 26 −0.5 ± 0.2 3.8 ± 0.2 1.4 × 1023 7.7 × 10−11 5.5 × 10−3
HC18O+ 1.4 × 1012 13 26 0.7 ± 0.9 3.4± 0.2 1.4 × 1023 9.8 × 10−12 7.0 × 10−4
o-H2CO 1.3 × 1014 12 32 −0.4± 0.5 6.5 ± 0.2 1.2 × 1023 1.1 × 10−9 6.5 × 10−2
p-H2CO 3.0 × 1013 20 35 −0.3 ± 0.2 6.0± 0.5 1.1 × 1023 2.8 × 10−10 1.5 × 10−2
9.7 × 1012 25 20 −0.5 ± 0.2 4.5±1.8 1.8 × 1023 5.3 × 10−11 4.9 × 10−3
HNC 1.6 × 1014 (3.2 × 1014) 8 35 – – 1.1 × 1023 1.1 × 10−9 6.0 × 10−2 (1)
HN13C 5.4 × 1012 8 35 −0.8 ± 0.1 4.1 ± 0.1 1.1 × 1023 5.1 × 10−11 2.7 × 10−3
HCN 8.1 × 1014 (1.6× 1015) 10 29 – – 1.3 × 1023 4.8 × 10−9 3.1 × 10−1 (1)
H13CN 2.7 × 1013 10 29 −0.4± 0.1 6.5 ± 0.1 1.3 × 1023 2.1 × 10−10 1.3 × 10−2
HC15N 5.9 × 1012 10 29 −0.4± 0.1 6.3 ± 0.2 1.3 × 1023 4.6 × 10−11 2.9 × 10−3
HNCO 1.1 × 1014 28 12 −0.2± 0.1 3.6± 0.5 3.0 × 1023 3.7 × 10−10 5.5 × 10−2
(†)NO 6.0 × 1015 14 14 −0.8 ± 0.4 5.8 ± 0.6 2.6 × 1023 2.3 × 10−8 3.0 × 100
CH2NH 3.0 × 1014 43 5 −0.9± 0.4 7.1 ± 1.3 6.6 × 1023 4.5 × 10−10 1.5 × 10−1
N2H+ 4.4 × 1013 10 40 −0.9± 0.2 5.8 ± 1.1 9.4 × 1022 4.7 × 10−10 2.2 × 10−2
HDCO 1.4 × 1013 28 14 −0.5 ± 1.0 7.0 ± 2.8 2.6 × 1023 5.4 × 10−11 7.0 × 10−3
DCO+ 7.4 × 1011 13 26 −0.5 ± 0.1 3.5 ± 0.3 1.4 × 1023 5.2 × 10−12 3.7 × 10−4
DCN 7.0 × 1012 19 29 −0.4± 0.2 4.6± 0.1 1.3 × 1023 5.4 × 10−11 3.5 × 10−3
DNC ≤ 7.0 × 1011 13 29 −0.8 3.6 1.3 × 1023 ≤ 5.4 × 10−12 ≤3.5 × 10−4 (2)
HDCS 2.5 × 1013 27 14 −0.8 ± 0.1 4.0±1.0 2.6 × 1023 9.6 × 10−11 1.3 × 10−2
HDS ≤ 9.0 × 1013 38 6 −0.0 6.0 5.7 × 1023 ≤ 1.6 × 10−10 ≤4.5 × 10−2 (3)
N2D+ ≤ 9.0 × 1010 10 40 −0.9 5.0 9.4 × 1022 ≤ 9.6 × 10−13 ≤4.5 × 10−5 (3)
CH2DOH ≤ 1.0 × 1013 20 35 −0.4 3.0 1.1 × 1023 ≤ 9.4 × 10−11 ≤5.0 × 10−3
CH3OD ≤ 4.0 × 1012 20 35 −0.4 3.0 1.1 × 1023 ≤ 3.7 × 10−11 ≤2.0 × 10−3
o-H2S 2.2 × 1016 (4.5 × 1016) 38 6 – – 5.7 × 1023 3.9 × 10−8 1.1 × 101 (1)
p-H2S 4.0 × 1015 (8.2 × 1015) 38 6 – – 5.7 × 1023 7.1 × 10−9 2.0 × 100 (1)
1.8 × 1015 38 6 −0.0± 0.5 7.1 ± 2.1 5.7 × 1023 3.2 × 10−9 9.0 × 10−1
3.3 × 1014 38 6 – – 5.7 × 1023 5.8 × 10−10 1.7 × 10−1 (5)
CS 2.3 × 1015 (4.8 × 1015) 26 15 – – 2.4 × 1023 9.5 × 10−9 1.1 × 100 (1)
C34S 1.9 × 1014 26 15 −0.2± 0.1 4.7± 0.2 2.4 × 1023 7.8 × 10−10 9.5 × 10−2
C33S 5.2 × 1013 25 15 −0.2± 0.1 5.8±1.4 2.4 × 1023 2.1 × 10−10 2.6 × 10−2
13CS 1.0 × 1014 26 15 −0.3 ± 0.1 5.0± 0.9 2.4 × 1023 4.1 × 10−10 5.0 × 10−2
13C34S 8.2 × 1012 26 15 −0.6± 0.1 5.7± 0.3 2.4 × 1023 3.4 × 10−11 4.1 × 10−3
o-H2CS 1.3 × 1014 22 30 −0.3 ± 0.2 4.7± 0.6 1.2 × 1023 1.0 × 10−9 6.5 × 10−2
p-H2CS 5.0 × 1013 27 25 −0.3 ± 0.4 5.1 ± 0.9 1.5 × 1023 3.4 × 10−10 2.5 × 10−2
H2C34S 1.6 × 1013 18 18.5 −0.5 ± 0.1 3.5 ± 0.8 2.0 × 1023 8.1 × 10−11 8.0 × 10−3
(†)NS 4.4 × 1014 15 10 −0.6± 0.1 5.7±1.3 3.6 × 1023 1.2 × 10−9 2.2 × 10−1
SO, T=10K 5.9 × 1014 14 30 −0.2± 0.3 6.1 ± 0.6 1.2 × 1023 4.7× 10−9 2.9 × 10−1
SO, T=40K 2.9 × 1015 48 6 −0.2± 0.1 6.6± 0.5 5.7 × 1023 5.1 × 10−9 1.4 × 100
34SO 3.2 × 1013 14 30 −0.5 ± 0.1 6.3 ± 0.5 1.2 × 1023 2.6 × 10−10 1.6 × 10−2
34SO 4.5 × 1014 48 6 −0.1 ± 0.2 6.9± 0.6 5.7 × 1023 8.0 × 10−10 2.3 × 10−1
HCS+ 3.6 × 1013 26 15 −0.3 ± 0.2 3.9± 0.3 2.4 × 1023 1.5 × 10−10 1.8 × 10−2
SO+ 4.6 × 1013 28 15 −0.5 ± 0.6 6.2± 2.6 2.4 × 1023 1.9 × 10−10 2.3 × 10−2
NS+ ≤ 2.0 × 1012 22 15 −0.1 ± 0.7 2.7± 0.2 2.4 × 1023 ≤ 8.2 × 10−12 ≤ 1.0 × 10−3 (2)
OCS 3.3 × 1015 38 7.5 −0.4± 0.1 3.6± 0.5 4.6 × 1023 7.1 × 10−9 1.6 × 100
SO2 1.7 × 1015 43 7.5 −0.1 ± 0.3 7.3 ± 1.1 4.6 × 1023 3.7 × 10−9 8.5 × 10−1
SiO 6.0 × 1013 15 25 – – 1.5 × 1023 4.0× 10−10 3.0 × 10−2 (1)
29 SiO 1.6 × 1012 15 25 −0.4± 0.2 6.1 ± 1.2 1.5 × 1023 1.1 × 10−11 8.0 × 10−4
30SiO 8.5 × 1011 15 25 0.3 ± 0.1 5.3 ± 0.9 1.5 × 1023 5.7 × 10−12 4.2 × 10−4
2.0 × 1015 23 35 −0.6± 0.2 3.4± 2.0 1.1 × 1023 1.9 × 10−8 1.0 × 100
13CH3OH 7.5 × 1013 23 35 −0.4± 0.8 4.0±1.4 1.1 × 1023 6.8 × 10−10 3.8 × 10−2 (6)
CH3CHO 6.9 × 1013 25 18 −0.4± 0.6 4.6±1.4 2.0 × 1023 3.4× 10−10 3.5 × 10−2
CH3OCHO ≤ 9.0 × 1014 25 18 −0.0 4.0 2.0 × 1023 ≤ 4.4 × 10−9 ≤4.5 × 10−1 (3)
CH3OCH3 3.8 × 1014 27 14 −0.5 ± 0.2 5.8 ± 1.0 2.6 × 1023 1.5 × 10−9 1.9 × 10−1
CH3CN 5.0 × 1013 40 15 −0.4± 0.1 5.5 ± 0.8 2.4 × 1023 2.1 × 10−10 2.5 × 10−2
C2H5CN ≤ 7.0 × 1013 26 16 −0.4 7.5 2.3 × 1023 ≤ 3.1 × 10−10 ≤3.5e × 10−2 (3)
C2H3CN ≤ 2.0 × 1014 26 16 0.0 7.5 2.3 × 1023 ≤ 8.8 × 10−10 ≤1.0 × 10−1 (3)
HC(O)NH2 ≤ 9.0 × 1012 26 16 0.0 4.0 2.3 × 1023 ≤ 3.9 × 10−11 ≤4.5e × 10−3 (3)
Warm component of the envelope
CH3CCH ≤ 1.0 × 1015 63 3 0.0 7.0 1.0 × 1024 ≤ 9.9 × 10−10 ≤2.4 × 10−2 (3)
HC3N 4.2 × 1014 69 4 −0.2± 0.3 9.7± 0.7 8.0 × 1023 5.2 × 10−10 1.0 × 10−2
HC3N 6.5 × 1015 130 0.8 0.3 ± 0.3 10.9± 1.2 2.1 × 1024 3.1 × 10−9 1.6 × 10−1
3.0 × 1016 128 1 0.3 ± 1.1 12.6± 2.3 2.0 × 1024 1.5 × 10−8 7.3 × 10−1
CCS ≤ 2.0 × 1014 63 3 0.0 7.0 1.0 × 1024 ≤ 2.0 × 10−10 ≤4.9 × 10−3 (3)
C2O ≤ 4.0 × 1014 63 3 0.0 7.0 1.0 × 1024 ≤ 4.0 × 10−10 ≤9.8 × 10−3 (3)
C3H ≤ 2.0× 1014 63 3 0.0 7.0 1.0 × 1024 ≤ 2.0 × 10−10 ≤4.9 × 10−3 (3)
C4H ≤ 2.0 × 1015 63 3 0.0 7.0 1.0 × 1024 ≤ 2.0 × 10−9 ≤4.9 × 10−2 (3)
o-H2CO 4.0 × 1015 130 4 −0.4± 0.1 7.9± 0.5 8.0 × 1023 5.0 × 10−9 9.8 × 10−2
p-H2CO 3.0 × 1014 100 7 −0.3 ± 0.2 6.0± 0.5 4.9 × 1023 6.1 × 10−10 7.3 × 10−3
o-H2CCO 3.1 × 1014 62 7 −0.3 ± 0.8 8.3 ± 1.9 4.9 × 1023 6.3 × 10−10 7.6 × 10−3
HNC 6.9 × 1014 95 3 – – 1.0 × 1024 6.9 × 10−10 1.7 × 10−2 (1)
HN13C 3.0 × 1013 95 3 −0.8 ± 0.3 6.8 ± 1.0 1.0 × 1024 3.0 × 10−11 7.3 × 10−4
HCN 7.6 × 1015 95 3 – – 1.0 × 1024 7.5 × 10−9 1.9 × 10−1 (1)
H13CN 3.3 × 1014 95 3 −0.4± 0.1 8.9± 0.2 1.0 × 1024 3.3 × 10−10 8.0 × 10−3
HC15N 1.2 × 1014 95 3 −0.3 ± 0.1 9.3 ± 0.2 1.0 × 1024 1.2 × 10−10 2.9 × 10−3
HNCO 2.7 × 1016 51 1.5 0.1 ± 0.5 10.1 ± 1.5 1.6 × 1024 1.7 × 10−8 6.6 × 10−1
HDO 3.0 × 1017 86 0.6 0.0± 0.1 8.6± 2.2 2.3 × 1024 1.3 × 10−7 7.3 × 100
CH2DOH ≤ 8.0 × 1014 78 5 0.4 9.2 6.6 × 1023 ≤ 1.2 × 10−9 ≤2.0 × 10−2 (3)
CH3OD ≤ 6.0 × 1014 78 5 0.4 9.2 6.6 × 1023 ≤ 9.1 × 10−10 ≤1.5 × 10−2 (3)
o-H2S 4.8 × 1016 166 1 −0.5 ± 0.2 9.1 ± 0.3 2.0 × 1024 2.4 × 10−8 1.2 × 100
o-H2CS 9.2 × 1015 100 2 −0.4± 0.6 7.8 ± 0.6 1.3 × 1024 6.8 × 10−9 2.2 × 10−1
p-H2CS 3.0 × 1014 90 5 −0.1 ± 0.2 7.3 ± 1.0 6.6 × 1023 4.5 × 10−10 7.3 × 10−3
OCS 1.2 × 1017 97 1.4 −0.3 ± 0.2 8.3 ± 0.9 1.7 × 1024 7.2 × 10−8 2.9 × 100
SO2 1.6 × 1017 128 1 0.1 ± 0.5 8.3 ± 1.1 2.0 × 1024 8.1 × 10−8 3.9 × 100
4.1 × 1016 74 4 −0.4± 0.7 8.8 ± 1.6 7.3 × 1023 5.7 × 10−8 1.0 × 100
13CH3OH 8.0 × 1014 74 4 −0.4± 0.8 10.0± 1.4 7.3 × 1023 1.1 × 10−9 2.0 × 10−2 (6)
CH3CHO ≤ 3.0 × 1015 100 1.5 −0.4 4.6 1.6 × 1024 ≤ 1.9 × 10−9 ≤7.3 × 10−2 (3)
CH3OCHO 2.0 × 1016 86 2 −0.9± 1.1 10.7± 1.5 1.3 × 1024 1.5 × 10−8 4.9 × 10−1
CH3OCH3 3.5 × 1016 80 1.5 −0.4± 0.4 8.8 ± 1.0 1.6 × 1024 2.2 × 10−8 8.5 × 10−1
CH3SH 1.5 × 1015 69 5 −0.6± 0.2 7.0± 0.7 6.6 × 1023 2.3 × 10−9 3.7 × 10−2
g−C2H5SH ≤ 1.0 × 1016 100 1.5 0.0 8.0 1.6 × 1024 ≤ 6.2 × 10−9 ≤2.4 × 10−1 (3)
CH3CN 1.5 × 1016 200 1 −0.2± 0.3 9.5 ± 0.8 2.0 × 1024 7.6 × 10−9 3.7 × 10−1
C2H5CN 5.5 × 1016 90 0.8 −1.0 9.6± 3.0 2.1 × 1024 2.6 × 10−8 1.3 × 100
C2H3CN 5.3 × 1015 100 1.7 0.1 ± 0.6 9.7± 2.1 1.5 × 1024 3.5 × 10−9 1.3 × 10−1
HC(O)NH2 1.0 × 1015 83 1.5 1.0± 1.0 8.1 ± 1.7 1.6 × 1024 6.2 × 10−10 2.4 × 10−2
Shock 1
HDO 1.0 × 1017 170 0.5 −4.8 ± 0.7 2.9 ± 0.8 2.0 × 1024 4.9 × 10−8 1.7 × 10−1 (4)
6.0 × 1017 190 1.2 −4.8 ± 0.8 2.9± 0.8 2.0 × 1024 2.9 × 10−7 1.0 × 100
13CH3OH 5.0 × 1016 190 1.2 −4.3 ± 0.8 2.9± 0.8 2.0 × 1024 2.5 × 10−8 8.3 × 10−2 (6)
5.0 × 1017 170 1.2 −4.3 ± 0.7 3.9± 0.7 2.0 × 1024 2.5 × 10−7 8.3 × 10−1
CH3OCHO 8.0 × 1016 170 0.9 −4.8 ± 0.7 2.9± 0.8 2.0 × 1024 3.9 × 10−8 1.3 × 10−1 (4)
CH3OCH3 2.0 × 1017 176 0.7 −4.8 ± 0.7 2.9± 0.8 2.0 × 1024 9.8 × 10−8 3.3 × 10−1
HC(O)NH2 3.0 × 1015 170 0.8 −4.8 ± 0.7 2.9± 0.8 2.0 × 1024 1.5 × 10−9 5.0 × 10−3 (4)
Shock 2
HDO 1.0 × 1017 170 0.5 2.0± 0.8 4.6 ± 1.3 1.9 × 1024 5.3 × 10−8 1.5 × 10−1 (4)
6.6 × 1017 190 1.2 2.0± 0.8 5.5 ± 1.3 1.9 × 1024 3.5 × 10−7 1.0 × 100
13CH3OH 6.0 × 1016 190 1.2 4.0± 0.8 5.5 ± 1.3 1.9 × 1024 3.2 × 10−8 9.1 × 10−2 (6)
7.5 × 1017 170 1.2 4.0± 0.7 5.5 ± 0.7 1.9 × 1024 4.0 × 10−7 1.1 × 100
CH3OCHO 9.0 × 1016 170 0.9 2.0± 0.8 4.6± 1.3 1.9 × 1024 4.8 × 10−8 1.4 × 10−1 (4)
CH3OCH3 9.0 × 1016 176 0.7 2.0± 0.8 4.6± 1.3 1.9 × 1024 4.8 × 10−8 1.4 × 10−1
HC(O)NH2 4.0 × 1015 170 0.8 2.0± 0.8 4.6± 1.3 1.9 × 1024 2.1 × 10−9 6.1 × 10−3 (4)

Notes. (1): Since our results suggest lower isotopic ratios for 12C/13C or 32S/34S, we use the values of 30 and 12, respectively (see Sect. 5.3), but between parentheses, we indicate the values using the canonical values of 60 and 25. (2) Upper limit is based on a tentative detection. (†)The HFS procedure was used for the line fitting. (3): Upper limit is based on a 3σ noise level. We fixed the following parameters: size, excitation temperature, line width, and velocity offset. (4), (5), (6): We used the temperature determined for (respectively).

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.