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Fig. 4.

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Distribution of the parameters used to construct the control sample. Panels a–d: show the distribution of stellar surface density (logμ*), stellar mass (log M*), concentration (C), redshift (z), and effective radius (log R50), respectively. Results for galaxies with strong spiral arms (2 + log sarm ≥ 1.44) are marked in blue histogram, and the same for the control sample with weak spiral arms (2 + log sarm <  1.44) are marked in gray filled histogram. The p value of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is presented at the top of each panel.

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