Radial profile of the temperature departure ΔT/T₀ from the initial profile T₀ and of the sub-adiabaticity (∇−∇_ad) close to the convective boundary predicted by 2D hydrodynamical simulations (B21) of solar-like models. Lower panel: model with a realistic stellar luminosity and upper panel: model with luminosity enhanced by a factor of ten. The dash-dotted red lines show ΔT/T₀ (in %), the relative difference between the time and space averages of the temperature, T, and the initial temperature, T₀. The solid blue lines show the time and space averages of the sub-adiabaticity (∇−∇_ad). The dashed black lines show the initial profile of the sub-adiabaticity, (∇−∇_ad)_init. The convective boundary is indicated by the vertical solid line (see details in B21).