Fig. 5

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Cumulative mass loss rates of gas and dust for the simulation runs phc2, b5c2, b4c2 and b4c2a3 starting from 3 au. The cylindrical radius or foot point of the loss is obtained by tracing backwards the corresponding streamline from the outer radial boundary down to 5 scale heights above the disk mid plane. The flow field is averaged over 50 orbits at 1 au starting at 600 orbits. The vertical dashed lines mark the limit of the region where 99% of the mass loss occurred.
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