Synthetic observation (top row) and emergent radiation from the inverted model (bottom row). From left to right: I, Q, U in the line center, and V at around the wavelength λ ≈ 1.4. The Stokes parameters are in the disk-center intensity units, I(μ = 1). The positive Q direction is parallel to the solar limb (parallel to the x axis, cf. Fig. 6). The synthetic signal is contaminated with Gaussian noise with σ = 4 × 10⁻⁴, in the disk-center intensity units.