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Table 2

Main parameters for the 3D simulations.

Earth-like planet Tidally locked planet Units
OASIS model parameters
Grid horizontal resolution 1 1 degrees
Number of vertical layers 39 39 #
Time step 100 50 s
       
Bulk planet parameters
Planetary radius, Rplanet 6.371 × 106 6.371 × 106 m
Planetary rotation rate, Ω 7.292 × 10−5 1.212 × 10−5 s−1
Surface gravity, g 9.8 9.8 m s−2
Top of the atmospheric domain, ztop 36 36 km
Specific heat of background gas at constant pressure, cp 1004.6 1004.6 J kg−1 K−1
Background gas constant, Rd 287.04 287.04 J kg−1 K−1
Reference pressure, p00 105 105 Pa
Planetary obliquity, ϵ 0 0 degrees
Orbital eccentricity, α 0 0
       
Large-scale condensation
Ratio of gas constant for dry air to that for vapour, ϵ 0.622 0.622
Control temperature for qsat calculation, T0 273.16 273.16 K
Saturation vapour pressure at T0, 610.78 610.78 Pa
Latent heat at T0, L 2.5 × 106 2.5 × 106 J kg−1
Gas constant for water vapour, Rq 2.5 × 106 2.5 × 106 J kg−1K−1
Water density, ρq 1000 1000 kg m−3
       
Surface conditions
Equator-to-pole difference, ΔT 29 100 K
SST at the pole, Tmin 271 230 K
Width parameter for sea surface temperature, Δl 26 35 degrees
       
Surface fluxes
Bulk transfer coefficients for sensible heat, CH 0.0044 0.0044
Bulk transfer coefficients for water vapour, CE 0.0044 0.0044
Constants for drag coefficient, Cd0 0.0007
Constants for drag coefficient, Cd1 0.000065
E-folding time for the Rayleigh friction, 1/kf 1 Earth day−1
Threshold sigma level for the Rayleigh friction, σb 0.7
Top of the boundary layer, ppbl 850 hPa
Vertical mixing gradient parameter, pstrato 100 100 hPa
       
Radiation
Equator-pole temperature difference, 65 40 K
Vertical temperature gradient parameter, 10 40 K
Maximum equilibrium temperature, TEquator 294 254 K
E-folding time parameter #1 for temperature relaxation, 1/ka 40 20 Earth day−1
E-folding time parameter #2 for temperature relaxation, 1/ks 4 Earth day−1

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