Table 2
Estimated Froude numbers associated with direct surface interactions during recent and upcoming small body missions.
| Mission | Event | Target body | vc (m s−1) | g (m s−2) | D′ (m) | ~Fr |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hayabusa2 | MASCOT landing(2) | Ryugu | 0.12 | 1.4 × 10−4 | 0.32 | 18 |
| OSIRIS-REx | TAGSAM sampling(3) | Bennu | 0.1 | 6.0 × 10−5 | 0.30 | 24 |
| MMX | Rover landing(1,4) | Phobos | 0.5 | 6.0 × 10−3 | 0.44 | 10 |
| MMX | Lander sampling(1,5) | Phobos | 0.001 | 6.0 × 10−3 | 0.02 | 0.1 |
| Hera | Juventas CubeSat landing(1,6) | Dimorphos | 0.1 | 5.0 × 10−5 | 0.16 | 35 |
Notes. vc is the estimated collision velocity, g is the approximate gravity level, Fr is the estimated impact Froude number, and D′ is the effective projectile diameter. 
and 
, where A is the cross-sectional area of the projectile. (1)System still under development. The table inputs reflect estimated values for a plausible configuration.
Reference. (2)Scholten et al. (2019); Jaumann et al. (2019); Watanabe et al. (2019). (3)Ballouz et al. (2021); Bierhaus et al. (2018); Barnouin et al. (2019). (4)Murchie et al. (2015); Sedlmayr et al. (2020); Michel et al. (2022). (5)Murchie et al. (2015); Usui et al. (2020); Sawada et al. (2021). (6)Goldberg et al. (2019); Naidu et al. (2020).
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