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Fig. 11
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Penetration depth for a 1 kg, 10 cm diameter projectile into surface materials with different friction angles ϕ and bulk densities ρg. The solid black lines represent the case where ρg = 1.4 g cm−3 and ϕ is varied. The dashed blue lines represent the case where ϕ = 22° and ρg is varied.
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