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Fig. 13

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Summary of the different geometries required in retrieval codes to avoid biases as a function of the equilibrium temperatureof the planet and the presence or absence of optical absorbers (hence thermal inversion). 1D retrieval models appear to provide relatively satisfactory parameter estimates for planets with equilibrium temperatures lower than 1400 K when opticalabsorbers (TiO, VO, K, Na, metals, ionized hydrogen, etc) are present in the atmosphere. However, they lead to biased parameter estimates above this limit where 2D or 3D retrieval codes are mandatory. When no optical absorbers are present in the atmosphere, the validity of 1D retrieval code extends to an equilibrium temperature of 2000 K. Above this temperature, the estimated parameters become biased, probably due to east-west effects. Although we suggest clues for the effect of the east-west asymmetry, further investigations are needed to quantify their effects.

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