Results of the three-dimensional hybrid simulation by the code AKA. Panels a–c show snapshots of plasma density at three time steps. Panels d–l display colour-coded plasma parameters for the two-dimensional central cut. Electron temperature, defined as one-third of the electron pressure tensor divided by density, is depicted in panels d–f. Panels g–i show the electron pressure, and panels j–l display the plasma density. The temporal and spatial normalisation factors are, respectively, ns and d₀ ∼ 16 μm (for B₀ = 6.75 ×10⁵ G and n₀ = 2 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³).