Simulation setup according to Vogt et al. (2020). On the right side, a visualisation is shown of how the Jovian source spectrum determines the resulting differential intensity. The sketch thereby is to be read from bottom to top. The pseudo-particle was injected with an initial energy at a certain distance from the Jovian source. When the pseudo-particle’s phase-space trajectory hit the source (the dashed representation of the Jovian magnetosphere) with an exit energy , it was convoluted with the source spectrum as the boundary condition. Subsequently the differential intensity was calculated as. The dashed representation of the Jovian magnetosphere only serves an illustrative purpose.