CARMENES template spectra of GX And (M1.0 V, J00183+440), Luyten’s star (M3.5 V, J07274+052), and Teegarden’s star (M7.0 V, J02530+168) in the VIS channel (top panel) and the NIR channel (bottom panel). Blue and red shaded regions denote the ranges synthesised in this work. The two wide spectral gaps in the NIR channel shown as hatched rectangles correspond to regions severely affected by telluric absorption (Reiners et al. 2018). Inter- and intra-order gaps in the NIR channel are also shown, as grey shaded regions.