Flux contribution of each TiO isotopologue (solid lines) to the full TiO spectral model containingall isotopologues (dashed black line) around the strong band head at 7056 Å (7054 Å in air). Abundances were set at the retrieved values presented in Table A.1 for the narrow and unfiltered GJ 1002 spectrum. The flux contribution of a given minor isotopologue ⁱTiO was calculated as the difference between the model of all TiO isotopologues and the model of all isotopologues except ⁱTiO. Since ⁴⁸TiO comprises 63% of TiO molecules in this setup, its flux contribution (solid black line) was calculated individually, without the presence of the minor isotopologues. Each contribution was normalized based on the full model’s flux to ensure consistent scaling. The minor isotopologue contributions were vertically shifted to aid readability, with the offsets indicated bythe dotted lines.