Fig. 8

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Surface-density evolution for gas and dust (integrated for all particle sizes) in a disk with a dead zone (as described in Sect. 3.3). The dashed line shows the initial condition, the solid lines show the disk evolution every 0.2 Myr. The star has an X-ray luminosity of Lx = 1031 erg s−1, which leads to a gap opening at t ≈ 1 Myr.
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