Contour (99%) of the ICME tracer mass (white) on colour maps of plasma number density and radial velocity at the labelled time of the MHD simulation (see text for details). The coloured diamonds (φ = 85°, 73.8°, 65°) show the position of three virtual spacecrafts, which would detect the time profiles in Fig. 2. The black arrow indicates the entry point of the ICME into the inner boundary. See online animation.