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Fig. 12.

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Comparison of the observed baryon fraction in galaxies, scaled by the cosmic baryon fraction. For J2345−0449 we show the ratio of stellar mass to dark-matter halo mass as blue dot. The red dot shows the ratio of baryonic mass (the sum of stellar mass, and mass of hot halo and molecular gas) to dark-matter halo mass. Values for other galaxies show the spiral galaxies of Posti et al. (2019, small green dots) and the early-type galaxies of Posti & Fall (2021, small violet dots), and include only stellar mass, fbary, galaxy = Mstellar/MDM. Even without including halo gas, their most massive spirals fall very near the cosmological limit of fbary, cosmic = ΩbaryonDM = 0.188, indicating that they have already transformed most of their infalling gas into stars. This is not the case for J2345−0449, which has about 2/3 of its baryons in the hot halo. It falls near the massive spiral galaxies when considering the full baryon content, and near the elliptical galaxies of Posti & Fall (2021) and the value expected from cosmic abundance matching (black line and gray error bars, Moster et al. 2013), when only considering the stellar mass.

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