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Fig. 5.

image

Comparison of the evolution of supra-thermal electron density (tracer of LHDI electron acceleration) computed from full-kinetic simulations (red curve), QL model (blue curve), extended QL model (orange curve). Vertical dashed lines indicate the saturation time tsat, and nonlinear time τNL. Horizontal dotted gray lines indicate the results of Eq. (20). We note that time axes are different for the two simulations.

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