Fig. 11

Gradients in Eq. (6) across the TBL for a Uranus model with Δm = 0.075 ME,
(top panel) and a Neptune model with Δm = 0.003 ME,
(bottom panel). Chosen times are the second time step, the time of maximum ΔT across the TBL, and the present time, respectively. Regions where ∇cond exceeds ∇X + ∇ad would be unstable to convection.
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