Self-preserving ice layers on CO2 clathrate particles: Implications for Enceladus, Pluto, and similar ocean worlds

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Table 1

Icelayer thicknesses for homogeneous, partially occupied CO₂ gas hydrates with gas occupancy N_g = 0…8.

	Ice thickness, d (nm)
N_g	CO₂	CH₄	CO
0	245	245	245
1	193	198	208
2	136	146	168
3	65	85	123
4	–	10	71
5	–	–	4
6	–	–	–
7	–	–	–
8	–	–	–

Notes. Ice layer thicknesses for CH₄ and CO hydrates are also shown for comparison. No ice layer is formed with CO₂, CH₄, and CO when N_g ≥ 4, 5, and 6, respectively.

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