Fig. 9.

Lorentz factor at escape, γF, vs. Lorentz factor at injection, γ, for protons (top) and electrons (bottom) injected at different distances: d = 1014 cm (blue solid line), d = 1015 cm (dashed green line), d = 1016 cm (dashdotted brown line), and d = 1017 cm (dotted red line). For these results we adopted a typical surface value of B⋆ ≈ 100 G for a high-mass star.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.