Energetics of hadrons at the base (z_min, left panels), logarithmic midpoint (z_mid, middle panels), and top (z_top, right panels) of the acceleration region for the Cygnus X-1 model. Top: cooling and acceleration rates for protons. The plots show the loss rates for proton–proton (green, solid line), synchrotron (yellow, dotted line), escape (magenta, +symbols), and adiabatic losses (light blue, dashed line), the total loss rate (black triangles), and the acceleration rate (red, dash-dotted line). Bottom: proton (black, solid line) and neutron (grey, dashed line) densities for the same regions as the top plots. In all cases, adiabatic losses are dominant and the proton population is many orders of magnitude denser than the neutron one.