Histograms of percentage parameter jump across the switchbacks’ leading transition regions, X_SPIKE − X_QL. Parameters including: (a) total magnetic field |B|, (b) proton density N, (c) total proton velocity |V |, and (d) totalproton velocity |V| relative to the local Alfvén velocity V_A, (e) proton radial temperature T_p derived fromthe most probable speed W, and (f) plasma beta β. Parameters are compared at the leading quiet, pristine solar wind (QL) regions and inside the switchback spikes (SPIKE). The red dashed lines indicate the average values .