Fig. 2.

Impact of 22Ne diffusion on the WD cooling times, defined as the time since the star reaches its maximum effective temperature at the beginning of the WD phase, for cooling sequences with standard 22Ne abundances and different core chemical compositions. Solid lines indicate the ONe- and CO-core cooling sequences of 1.10 M⊙ disregarding 22Ne diffusion, whilst dashed lines illustrate the behaviour of 1.10 M⊙ sequences with ONe and CO cores that consider the impact of 22Ne diffusion. Right panel: resulting time delays (in gigayears) relative to the 1.10 M⊙ ONe-core WD cooling track of Camisassa et al. (2019) that disregards the 22Ne diffusion process. Filled squares indicate the onset of core crystallisation in each WD sequence and the shaded area indicates when the model overpasses the Q branch, that is, the region where the cooling delays are revealed by the observations of Gaia.
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