Table 2
Summary of H2O/H2 abundance determinations using Herschel data in warm outflows and shocks.
| Source | Type | Instrument | H2O/H2 | H2 from | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (10−4) | |||||
| On source | |||||
| Several | LM | HIFI | 0.02 (LV+HV) | CO 16–15 (a) | Kristensen et al. (2017b) |
| AFGL 2591 | HM | HIFI | 0.001 | CO 16–15 | Kristensen (priv. comm.) |
| NGC 1333 IRAS 4B | LM | PACS | 1.0 | High-J CO | Herczeg et al. (2012) |
| Serpens SMM1 | LM/IM | PACS | 0.4 (hot) | High-J CO | Goicoechea et al. (2012) |
| NGC 7129 IRS | IM | HIFI/PACS | 0.2–0.3 | High-J CO | Johnstone et al. (2010) |
| Fich et al. (2010) | |||||
| NGC 6334I | HM | HIFI | 0.4 | Mid-J CO | Emprechtinger et al. (2010) |
| DR21(OH) | HM | HIFI | 0.32 (b) | High-J 13CO | van der Tak et al. (2010) |
| Outflow | |||||
| L1157 B1 | LM | HIFI | 0.008(LV) | Mid-J CO | Lefloch et al. (2010) |
| 0.8(HV) | |||||
| L1157 B2/R | LM-OF | HIFI/PACS | 0.01 | Warm H2 | Vasta et al. (2012) |
| L1448 B2 | LM-OF | HIFI/PACS | 0.03 (warm) | Warm H2 | Santangelo et al. (2012, 2013) |
| 0.03–0.1 (hot) | Hot H2 | ||||
| L1448 | LM | HIFI/PACS | 0.005–0.01 | Warm H2 | Nisini et al. (2013) |
| VLA1623 | LM-OF | HIFI | <0.01 (c) | Warm H2 | Bjerkeli et al. (2012) |
| Several B/R | LM/IM-OF | HIFI/PACS | 0.003 | Warm H2 | Tafalla et al. (2013) |
| HH 54 | OF | HIFI | <0.14 (B) | Warm H2 | Santangelo et al. (2014a) |
| L1157 B1 | LM-OF | HIFI/PACS | 0.007–0.02 (warm) | Warm H2 | Busquet et al. (2014) |
| HIFI/PACS | 1–3 (hot) | Hot H2 | |||
| NGC 1333 I4A R2 | LM-OF | HIFI/PACS | 0.007-0.01 (warm) | CO 16–15 (a) | Santangelo et al. (2014b) |
| 0.3–0.7 (hot) | |||||
| NGC 2071 B/R | IM-OF | PACS | 0.3–0.8 | Warm H2+high − J CO | Neufeld et al. (2014) |
| Orion-KL | HM-OF | PACS | ≤0.01 (warm,hot) | High-J CO (a) | Goicoechea et al. (2015) |
| >2 (very hot) | very high-J CO |
Notes. Uncertainties claimed by the authors range are typically a factor of 2 to a few. HV = high-velocity; LV = low; B = Broad component velocity. In most cases, the abundance refers to the outflow at the central source position. B and R indicated blue- and red-shifted outflow spots (OF) offset from the source. (a) Assuming CO/H2 ≈ 10−4; if CO/H2 = 2 × 10−4 advocated in Sect. 3.1 is used, the water abundances are increased by a factor of two. (b) From para-H2O assuming ortho/para = 3. (c) Ortho-H2O abundance.
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