Fig. 1.
Parabolic zonal flow U (red curve, Eq. (4)) in the frame rotating at the equatorial rotation rate, which approximates the solar rotational velocity at the photosphere (blue curve). The horizontal black lines indicate the phase speed of Rossby waves, c0 = −(β − U″)/k2, for longitudinal wavenumbers kR = 6 and kR = 10. At critical latitudes, U = c0.
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