Best-fitting models in the e vs. a_b plane for case 1 with both accretion and resonance torques. The black error bars show the location for each of the stars in the sample. The line styles used in this plot are the same as for the models that fit the observations in Figs. 1–3. The symbols at the end points represent models of different T₀. The models start from a circular orbit with e = 0.01, which is shown by the thin black line. The grey dashed curves are lines of constant R_L, in which the given temperature corresponds to the radius for this star’s luminosity such that R_* = R_L. Models for HD 46703 are shown in the top panel, for RU Cen in the middle panel, and for EP Lyr in the bottom panel.