Left: histogram of the simulated observed GUMS parallaxes from Luri et al. (2014); 4879 objects fall outside the plotted range. Right: distribution of their first significant digit together with the theoretical prediction of Benford’s law. The data have vertical error bars to reflect Poisson statistics, but the error bars are much smaller than the symbol sizes. Figure 5 shows the same contents, but using the Gaia DR2 parallaxes.