Fitted WDH direction in the simulated images as a function of the filtering fraction (starting from 5% at the vertical dotted black line). The horizontal solid black line shows the injected value (125 degrees). The red solid line shows the first case that only contains the WDH contribution, the orange dashed line represents the second case with NCPA, and the green dot-dashed line is the third case, which contains NCPA, LWE, and LOR.