Table A.1
Information on the exothermic reactions considered in this study that potentially produce escaping N(4S), N(2D), 3CH2, CH3, NH, CH4, NH3, C2H2, C2H3, HCN, C2H4, N2, C2H5, and C2H6 in Titan’s dayside upper atmosphere.
No. | Reaction | ΔE | k | Φesc | ![]() |
References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(eV) | (cm3 s−1) | (s−1) | ||||
Ra 1/Rj 2 | N(2D) + N2 → N(4S) + N2 | 1.58 | 1.70 × 10−14 | 6.43 × 1023 | 0.708 | 1 |
Ra 2/Re 7 | NH + CH3 → N(4S) + CH4 | 0.67 | 1.00 × 10−11 | 1.03 × 1023 | 0.113 | 20 |
Ra 3 | N+ + CH4 → N(4S) + CH![]() |
1.08 | 5.00 × 10−11 | 5.34 × 1021 | 5.88 × 10−3 | 2, 10 |
Ra 4 | N+ + HCN → N(4S) + HCN+ | 0.62 | 2.40 × 10−9 | 8.68 × 1020 | 9.56 × 10−4 | 3 |
Ra 5 | N![]() |
1.73 | ![]() |
2.26 × 1022 | 0.025 | 4, 5 |
Ra 6 | N![]() |
0.53 | ![]() |
5.94 × 1021 | 6.54 × 10−4 | 4, 5 |
Ra 7 | CN+ + e → N(4S) + C | 3.39 | ![]() |
2.71 × 1017 | 2.99 × 10−7 | 6 |
Ra 8 | CN+ + e → N(2D) + C | 2.11 | ![]() |
2.88 × 1018 | 3.17 × 10−6 | 6 |
Ra 9/Rc 8 | N2H+ + e → N(4S) + NH | 1.11 | ![]() |
8.53 × 1020 | 9.38 × 10−4 | 7 |
Ra 10 | CNC+ + e → N(4S) + C2 | 2.03 | ![]() |
7.30 × 1019 | 8.04 × 10−5 | 7 |
3CH2 | ||||||
Rb 1 | H2 + C + M → 3CH2 + M | 2.26 | k0 = 2.50 × 10−28 | 4.60 × 1018 | 1.07 × 10−5 | 8, 9 |
k∞ = 1.41 × 10−11 | ||||||
kR = 6.00 × 10−16 | ||||||
Fc = 0.40 | ||||||
Rb 2 | N+ + C2H4 → 3CH2 + HCNH+ | 4.13 | 1.58 × 10−10 | 6.31 × 1019 | 1.47 × 10−4 | 10 |
Rb 3 | C2H![]() |
0.67 | ![]() |
4.70 × 1019 | 1.10 × 10−4 | 11 |
Rb 4 | C2H![]() |
1.52 | ![]() |
2.15 × 1021 | 5.02 × 10−3 | 12 |
Rb 5/Rd 29 | C2H![]() |
2.02 | ![]() |
1.51 × 1022 | 0.035 | 13, 14 |
Rb 6/Re 20 | C2H![]() |
3.98 | ![]() |
3.55 × 1013 | 8.27 × 10−12 | 15, 16 |
Rb 7/Rg 22 | C3H![]() |
3.89 | ![]() |
6.51 × 1019 | 1.52 × 10−4 | 17 |
Rb 8/Ri 5 | C3H![]() |
1.90 | ![]() |
2.75 × 1020 | 6.40 × 10−4 | 15, 16 |
Rb 9/Rk 28 | C3H![]() |
3.64 | ![]() |
1.05 × 1016 | 2.45 × 10−8 | 18 |
Rb 10/Rm 9 | C3H![]() |
5.46 | ![]() |
7.76 × 1019 | 1.81 × 10−4 | 15 |
NH | ||||||
Rc 1 | H + N + M → NH + M | 2.26 | k0 = 5.00 × 10−32 | 3.19 × 1018 | 3.52 × 10−6 | 15, 19 |
k∞ = 5.00 × 10−16 | ||||||
kR = 5.00 × 10−16 | ||||||
Fc = 0.40 | ||||||
Rc 2/Rg 21 | N(4S) + C2H3 → NH + C2H2 | 1.23 | 1.31 × 10−11 | 1.94 × 1020 | 2.13 × 10−4 | 10, 21 |
Rc 3/Rk 21 | N(4S) + C2H5 → NH + C2H4 | 1.25 | 7.10 × 10−11 | 4.17 × 1022 | 0.046 | 22 |
Rc 4 | N(2D) + NH3 → NH + NH2 | 0.59 | 5.00 × 10−11 | 1.50 × 1020 | 1.65 × 10−4 | 1 |
Rc 5/Rd 19 | N(2D) + CH4 → NH + CH3 | 0.69 | 6.47 × 10−14 | 2.77 × 1022 | 0.031 | 1 |
Rc 6 | 2 NH2 → NH + NH3 | 0.38 | 7.05 × 10−17 | 3.71 × 1013 | 4.09 × 10−11 | 23, 76 |
Rc 7 | NH![]() |
0.45 | ![]() |
3.42 × 1018 | 3.76 × 10−6 | 24, 25 |
Rc 8/Ra 9 | N2H+ + e → N(4S) + NH | 1.04 | ![]() |
1.57 × 1020 | 1.73 × 10−4 | 7 |
CH3 | ||||||
Rd 1 | H + 3CH2 + M → CH3 + M | 2.98 | k0 = 2.06 × 10−29 | 4.61 × 1011 | 1.08 × 10−12 | 27, 28, 29 |
k∞ = 1.76 × 10−9 | ||||||
Rd 2 | H2 + CH + M → CH3 + M | 2.90 | k0 = 1.73 × 10−30 | 1.98 × 1018 | 4.61 × 10−6 | 15, 30 |
k∞ = 1.13 × 10−10 | ||||||
kR = 6.00 × 10−16 | ||||||
Fc = 0.63 | ||||||
Rd 3/Rk 3 | CH + C2H6 → CH3 + C2H4 | 2.30 | 3.09 × 10−10 | 9.04 × 1020 | 2.11 × 10−3 | 31, 68 |
Rd 4 | CH + C3H8 → CH3 + C3H6 | 2.41 | 9.21 × 10−11 | 8.10 × 1018 | 1.89 × 10−6 | 32, 70 |
Rd 5 | CH + C4H10 → CH3 + C4H8 | 2.58 | 2.89 × 10−10 | 7.20 × 1015 | 1.68 × 10−9 | 32, 70 |
Rd 6/Rg 4 | 1CH2 + C2H3 → CH3 + C2H2 | 3.66 | 3.00 × 10−11 | 3.23 × 1018 | 7.53 × 10−6 | 37 |
Rd 7/Rk 4 | 1CH2 + C2H5 → CH3 + C2H4 | 2.56 | 1.50 × 10−11 | 5.09 × 1019 | 1.19 × 10−4 | 37 |
Rd 8 | 1CH2 + C2H6 → CH3 + C2H5 | 0.50 | 2.46 × 10−10 | 9.25 × 1020 | 2.16 × 10−3 | 27, 71 |
Rd 9 | 1CH2 + C3H7 → CH3 + C3H6 | 2.68 | 1.71 × 10−11 | 3.13 × 1014 | 7.29 × 10−10 | 38 |
Rd 10/Rg 6 | 3CH2 + C2H3 → CH3 + C2H2 | 3.41 | 3.00 × 10−11 | 4.22 × 1019 | 9.84 × 10−5 | 37 |
Rd 11/Rk 7 | 3CH2 + C2H5 → CH3 + C2H4 | 2.28 | 3.00 × 10−11 | 1.31 × 1021 | 3.06 × 10−3 | 37 |
Rd 12 | 3CH2 + C3H7 → CH3 + C3H6 | 2.40 | 3.00 × 10−12 | 6.89 × 1014 | 1.61 × 10−9 | 38 |
Rd 13 | C2H + CH4 → CH3 + C2H2 | 0.73 | 4.49 × 10−13 | 1.62 × 1021 | 3.79 × 10−3 | 34 |
Rd 14 | C2H + C2H5 → CH3 + C3H3 | 1.44 | 3.00 × 10−11 | 2.06 × 1019 | 4.81 × 10−5 | 37 |
Rd 15 | C2H + CH3CCH → CH3 + C4H2 | 1.06 | 1.55 × 10−10 | 2.57 × 1019 | 5.99 × 10−5 | 72, 73 |
Rd 16/Rh 2 | N(4S) + C2H4 → CH3 + HCN | 1.62 | 3.18 × 10−16 | 9.70 × 1019 | 2.26 × 10−4 | 35 |
Rd 17 | N(4S) + C2H5 → CH3 + H2CN | 1.34 | 3.90 × 10−11 | 2.37 × 1022 | 0.055 | 22 |
Rd 18 | N(4S) + CH3CCH → CH3 + CHCN | 2.25 | 8.01 × 10−16 | 1.89 × 1017 | 4.40 × 10−7 | 35 |
Rd 19/Rc 5 | N(2D) + CH4 → CH3 + NH | 0.69 | 6.47 × 10−14 | 2.77 × 1022 | 0.065 | 1 |
Rd 20 | CN + CH4 → CH3 + HCN | 0.50 | 6.37 × 10−14 | 5.78 × 1019 | 1.35 × 10−4 | 41, 69 |
Rd 21 | C2N + CH4 → CH3 + CHCN | 0.97 | 6.00 × 10−14 | 2.42 × 1019 | 5.65 × 10−5 | 60 |
Rd 22 | CH3CN + C2H → CH3 + HC3N | 2.09 | 1.06 × 10−13 | 1.64 × 1016 | 3.83 × 10−8 | 26 |
Rd 23 | C2H![]() ![]() |
0.40 | 7.03 × 10−10 | 4.67 × 1021 | 0.011 | 3 |
Rd 24 | N+ + CH4 → CH3 + NH+ | 1.43 | 5.00 × 10−10 | 1.40 × 1022 | 0.033 | 10, 26 |
Rd 25 | HCN+ + CH4 → CH3 + HCNH+ | 1.90 | 1.14 × 10−9 | 2.26 × 1022 | 0.053 | 3 |
Rd 26 | CH![]() |
0.50 | ![]() |
1.44 × 1020 | 3.37 × 10−4 | 25 |
Rd 27 | C2H![]() |
1.19 | ![]() |
1.33 × 1019 | 3.10 × 10−5 | 11 |
Rd 28 | C2H![]() |
0.42 | ![]() |
2.33 × 1020 | 5.45 × 10−5 | 12 |
Rd 29/Rb 5 | C2H![]() |
1.89 | ![]() |
1.43 × 1022 | 0.034 | 13, 14 |
Rd 30 | C2H![]() |
3.40 | ![]() |
1.20 × 1013 | 2.81 × 10−11 | 15, 16 |
Rd 31/Re 21 | C2H![]() |
4.20 | ![]() |
2.38 × 1020 | 5.56 × 10−4 | 15 |
Rd 32/Rg 23 | C3H![]() |
4.43 | ![]() |
6.41 × 1020 | 1.50 × 10−3 | 15, 16 |
Rd 33/Ri 6 | C3H![]() |
3.69 | ![]() |
1.07 × 1015 | 2.50 × 10−9 | 18 |
Rd 34/Rk 29 | C3H![]() |
5.41 | ![]() |
3.03 × 1020 | 7.06 × 10−4 | 12 |
Rd 35/Rl 7 | C3H![]() |
5.31 | ![]() |
7.46 × 1019 | 1.74 × 10−4 | 18 |
Rd 36/Rm 10 | C3H![]() |
5.34 | ![]() |
3.07 × 1019 | 7.17 × 10−5 | 15 |
Rd 37/Rf 2 | CH3NH![]() |
2.92 | ![]() |
2.60 × 1020 | 6.08 × 10−4 | 15, 42 |
CH4 | ||||||
Re 1 | H + CH3 + M → CH4 + M | 2.87 | k0 = 1.62 × 10−28 | 1.36 × 1018 | 3.17 × 10−6 | 33, 77 |
k∞ = 2.95 × 10−10 | ||||||
kR = 1.80 × 10−16 | ||||||
Fc = 0.56 | ||||||
Re 2/Rg 7 | CH3 + C2H3 → CH4 + C2H2 | 1.88 | 1.95 × 10−10 | 3.44 × 1021 | 8.03 × 10−3 | 45, 78 |
Re 3/Rk 9 | CH3 + C2H5 → CH4 + C2H4 | 1.92 | 6.87 × 10−12 | 4.88 × 1021 | 0.011 | 15, 26 |
Re 4 | CH3 + C3H5 → CH4 + CH2CCH2 | 1.49 | 1.56 × 10−12 | 1.53 × 1020 | 3.57 × 10−4 | 39 |
Re 5 | CH3 + C3H6 → CH4 + C3H5 | 0.53 | 4.85 × 10−26 | 2.86 × 104 | 6.67 × 10−20 | 36 |
Re 6 | CH3 + C3H7 → CH4 + C3H6 | 2.19 | 1.00 × 10−11 | 3.90 × 1016 | 9.11 × 10−8 | 15, 38 |
Re 7/Ra 2 | CH3 + NH → CH4 + N(4S) | 0.59 | 1.00 × 10−11 | 3.88 × 1022 | 0.091 | 20 |
Re 8 | CH![]() ![]() |
1.22 | 1.43 × 10−9 | 5.35 × 1020 | 1.25 × 10−3 | 3 |
Re 9 | CH![]() ![]() |
0.67 | 1.44 × 10−9 | 2.04 × 1021 | 4.77 × 10−3 | 3 |
Re 10 | CH![]() ![]() |
1.28 | 1.70 × 10−9 | 4.17 × 1021 | 9.73 × 10−3 | 3 |
Re 11 | CH![]() ![]() |
0.57 | 1.48 × 10−9 | 2.50 × 1022 | 0.058 | 3 |
Re 12 | CH![]() ![]() |
0.84 | 1.50 × 10−9 | 3.86 × 1022 | 0.090 | 3 |
Re 13 | CH![]() |
1.10 | 5.80 × 10−9 | 1.30 × 1023 | 0.304 | 15 |
Re 14 | C2H![]() ![]() |
0.96 | 6.84 × 10−11 | 1.50 × 1021 | 3.51 × 10−3 | 3 |
Re 15 | C2H![]() ![]() |
0.63 | 3.55 × 10−10 | 7.83 × 1021 | 0.018 | 3 |
Re 16 | N+ + C2H6 → CH4 + HCNH+ | 6.10 | 1.60 × 10−10 | 7.20 × 1018 | 1.68 × 10−5 | 10 |
Re 17 | CH![]() |
0.49 | ![]() |
3.11 × 1021 | 7.26 × 10−3 | 50, 51 |
Re 18 | C2H![]() |
1.92 | ![]() |
3.03 × 1020 | 7.07 × 10−4 | 12 |
Re 19 | C2H![]() |
1.79 | ![]() |
6.73 × 1021 | 0.016 | 13, 14 |
Re 20/Rb 6 | C2H![]() |
3.48 | ![]() |
6.17 × 1012 | 1.44 × 10−11 | 15, 16 |
Re 21/Rd 31 | C2H![]() |
3.94 | ![]() |
2.25 × 1020 | 5.25 × 10−4 | 15 |
Re 22 | C3H![]() |
2.28 | ![]() |
1.97 × 1018 | 4.60 × 10−6 | 17 |
Re 23 | C3H![]() |
3.46 | ![]() |
4.83 × 1020 | 1.13 × 10−3 | 15, 16 |
NH3 | ||||||
Rf 1 | NH2 + H + M → NH3 +M | 1.78 | k0 = 2.52 × 10−28 | 6.11 × 1015 | 6.73 × 10−9 | 15, 54, 64 |
k∞ = 2.84 × 10−10 | ||||||
kR = 2.82 × 10−16 | ||||||
Fc = 0.42 | ||||||
Rf 2/Rd 37 | CH3NH![]() |
2.58 | ![]() |
2.25 × 1020 | 2.48 × 10−4 | 15, 42 |
C2H2 | ||||||
Rg 1 | H + C2H + M → C2H2 +M | 2.99 | k0 = 9.00 × 10−26 | 1.66 × 1015 | 7.74 × 10−9 | 37, 79 |
k∞ = 1.85 × 10−10 | ||||||
kR = 1.00 × 10−13 | ||||||
Fc = 0.40 | ||||||
Rg 2 | H + C6H5 → C2H2 + C4H4 | 2.03 | 6.08 × 10−12 | 1.65 × 1015 | 7.68 × 10−9 | 65 |
Rg 3 | 1CH2 + C2H → C2H2 + CH | 1.03 | 3.00 × 10−11 | 3.19 × 1018 | 1.49 × 10−5 | 37 |
Rg 4/Rd 6 | 1CH2 + C2H3 → C2H2 + CH3 | 2.11 | 3.00 × 10−11 | 1.34 × 1018 | 6.27 × 10−6 | 37 |
Rg 5 | 3CH2 + C2H → C2H2 + CH | 0.90 | 3.00 × 10−11 | 4.11 × 1019 | 1.92 × 10−4 | 37 |
Rg 6/Rd 10 | 3CH2 + C2H3 → C2H2 + CH3 | 1.97 | 3.00 × 10−11 | 1.78 × 1019 | 8.30 × 10−5 | 37 |
Rg 7/Re 2 | CH3 + C2H3 → C2H2 + CH4 | 1.16 | 1.95 × 10−10 | 1.51 × 1021 | 7.09 × 10−3 | 45, 78 |
Rg 8 | C2H + C2H3 → 2 C2H2 | 2.13 | 1.60 × 10−12 | 3.67 × 1016 | 1.71 × 10−7 | 37 |
Rg 9/Rk 10 | C2H + C2H5 → C2H2 + C2H4 | 2.19 | 3.00 × 10−12 | 1.40 × 1018 | 6.55 × 10−6 | 37 |
Rg 10/Rl 4 | C2H + C2H6 → C2H2 + C2H5 | 0.73 | 4.15 × 10−11 | 1.37 × 1019 | 6.37 × 10−5 | 34, 52 |
Rg 11 | C2H + CH2CCH2 → C2H2 + C3H3 | 1.16 | 2.58 × 10−10 | 2.88 × 1019 | 1.34 × 10−4 | 60 |
Rg 12 | C2H + C3H5 → C2H2 + CH2CCH2 | 2.00 | 1.20 × 10−11 | 8.15 × 1017 | 3.80 × 10−6 | 39 |
Rg 13 | C2H + C3H7 → C2H2 + C3H6 | 2.61 | 1.00 × 10−11 | 2.71 × 1013 | 1.27 × 10−11 | 38 |
Rg 14 | C2H + C3H8 → C2H2 + C3H7 | 0.93 | 6.10 × 10−11 | 5.73 × 1016 | 2.67 × 10−7 | 34, 52 |
Rg 15 | C2H + C4H1 0 → C2H2 + C4H9 | 0.88 | 1.15 × 10−10 | 1.51 × 1013 | 7.07 × 10−11 | 53, 75 |
Rg 16/Rk 11 | 2 C2H3 → C2H2 + C2H4 | 1.72 | 3.50 × 10−11 | 9.72 × 1016 | 4.53 × 10−7 | 66 |
Rg 17/Rm 3 | C2H3 + C2H5 → C2H2 + C2H6 | 1.76 | 8.00 × 10−13 | 8.96 × 1016 | 4.18 × 10−7 | 37 |
Rg 18 | C2H3 + C3H3 → C2H2 + CH3CCH | 1.44 | 8.00 × 10−12 | 3.09 × 1016 | 1.44 × 10−7 | 27, 44 |
Rg 19 | C2H3 + C3H5 → C2H2 + C3H6 | 1.43 | 8.00 × 10−12 | 1.17 × 1017 | 5.44 × 10−7 | 39 |
Rg 20 | C2H3 + C3H7 → C2H2 + C3H8 | 1.73 | 2.00 × 10−12 | 1.03 × 1012 | 4.79 × 10−12 | 38 |
Rg 21/Rc 2 | N(4S) + C2H3 → C2H2 + NH | 0.71 | 1.31 × 10−11 | 7.88 × 1019 | 3.68 × 10−4 | 10, 21 |
Rg 22/Rb 7 | C3H![]() |
2.09 | ![]() |
1.37 × 1019 | 6.40 × 10−5 | 17 |
Rg 23/Rd 32 | C3H![]() |
2.56 | ![]() |
1.71 × 1020 | 8.00 × 10−4 | 15, 16 |
HCN | ||||||
Rh 1 | H + CN + M → HCN +M | 2.74 | k0 = 8.78 × 10−31 | 3.94 × 1016 | 4.33 × 10−8∕9.19 × 10−8 | 40 |
k∞ = 2.44 × 10−10 | ||||||
kR = 1.00 × 10−13 | ||||||
Fc = 0.40 | ||||||
Rh 2/Rd 16 | N(4S) + C2H4 → HCN + CH3 | 0.90 | 3.18 × 10−16 | 1.62 × 1018 | 1.78 × 10−6∕3.78 × 10−5 | 35 |
Rh 3 | CN + C3H8 → HCN + C3H7 | 0.67 | 1.18 × 10−10 | 9.91 × 1015 | 1.09 × 10−8∕2.31 × 10−9 | 46, 74 |
Rh 4 | CN + CH2NH → HCN + H2CN | 0.76 | 2.80 × 10−11 | 3.30 × 1017 | 3.62 × 10−7∕7.70 × 10−7 | 55, 75 |
Rh 5 | CH![]() ![]() |
1.45 | 1.43 × 10−9 | 2.53 × 1017 | 2.79 × 10−7∕5.91 × 10−7 | 3 |
Rh 6 | CN+ + CH4 → HCN + CH![]() |
1.83 | 5.00 × 10−10 | 3.51 × 1018 | 3.86 × 10−6∕8.19 × 10−6 | 3 |
Rh 7 | HCN+ + C2H2 → HCN + C2H![]() |
1.07 | 1.15 × 10−9 | 1.37 × 1019 | 1.51 × 10−5∕3.20 × 10−5 | 3 |
Rh 8 | CNC+ + C2H4 → HCN + c-C3H![]() |
2.86 | 1.95 × 10−10 | 1.07 × 1018 | 1.18 × 10−6∕2.50 × 10−6 | 43 |
Rh 9 | HCNH+ + C3H3N → HCN + C3H4N+ | 1.14 | 4.50 × 10−9 | 2.02 × 1018 | 2.22 × 10−6∕4.70 × 10−6 | 56, 57 |
C2H3 | ||||||
Ri 1 | H + C2H2 + M → C2H3 +M | 0.77 | k0 = 5.88 × 10−30 | 3.79 × 1013 | 1.77 × 10−10 | 32, 77 |
k∞ = 3.74 × 10−15 | ||||||
kR = 2.16 × 10−18 | ||||||
Fc = 0.18 | ||||||
Ri 2/Rk 5 | 1CH2 + C3H5 → C2H3 + C2H4 | 1.25 | 6.67 × 10−11 | 1.34 × 1019 | 6.07 × 10−5 | 39 |
Ri 3 | C2H3CN + C2 → C2H3 + C3N | 1.62 | 4.4 × 10−10 | 3.53 × 1015 | 1.65 × 10−8 | 49, 59 |
Ri 4 | C3H![]() |
2.09 | ![]() |
4.51 × 1018 | 2.10 × 10−5 | 17 |
Ri 5/Rb 8 | C3H![]() |
0.99 | ![]() |
8.31 × 1019 | 3.37 × 10−4 | 15, 16 |
Ri 6/Rd 33 | C3H![]() |
2.05 | ![]() |
4.70 × 1014 | 1.92 × 10−8 | 18 |
Ri 7/Rm 11 | C4H![]() |
3.69 | ![]() |
8.15 × 1018 | 3.81 × 10−5 | 18, 48 |
N2 | ||||||
Rj 1 | 2 N(4S) + M → N2 + M | 4.91 | k0 = 4.46 × 10−32 | 4.63 × 1019 | 1.02 × 10−4 | 58 |
k∞ = 5.00 × 10−16 | ||||||
kR = 5.00 × 10−16 | ||||||
Fc = 0.40 | ||||||
Rj 2/Ra 1 | N(2D) + N2 → N2 + N(4S) | 0.79 | 1.70 × 10−14 | 2.53 × 1022 | 0.056 | 1 |
Rj 3 | N+ + HCN → N2 + CH+ | 1.28 | 1.29 × 10−9 | 1.11 × 1020 | 2.43 × 10−4 | 3 |
Rj 4 | N![]() ![]() |
2.02 | 9.40 × 10−10 | 1.93 × 1021 | 4.26 × 10−3 | 10 |
Rj 5 | N![]() |
0.99 | 3.90 × 10−10 | 4.31 × 1020 | 9.48 × 10−4 | 3 |
Rj 6 | N2H+ + HCN → N2 + HCNH+ | 1.16 | 3.20 × 10−9 | 4.48 × 1020 | 9.86 × 10−4 | 3 |
C2H4 | ||||||
Rk 1 | H + C2H3 + M → C2H4 +M | 2.40 | k0 = 8.54 × 10−27 | 1.51 × 1012 | 7.08 × 10−12 | 47 |
k∞ = 1.76 × 10−10 | ||||||
Rk 2 | C + CH4 + M → C2H4 + M | 3.06 | 2.00 × 10−15 | 4.37 × 1019 | 2.04 × 10−4 | 67 |
Rk 3/Rd 3 | CH + C2H6 → C2H4 + CH3 | 1.23 | 3.09 × 10−10 | 4.13 × 1020 | 1.93 × 10−3 | 31, 68 |
Rk 4/Rd 7 | 1CH2 + C2H5 → C2H4 + CH3 | 1.37 | 1.50 × 10−11 | 2.41 × 1019 | 1.13 × 10−4 | 37 |
Rk 5/Ri 2 | 1CH2 + C3H5 → C2H4 + C2H3 | 1.21 | 6.67 × 10−11 | 1.30 × 1019 | 6.26 × 10−5 | 39 |
Rk 6/Rl 2 | 1CH2 + C3H7 → C2H4 + C2H5 | 1.82 | 4.29 × 10−11 | 4.26 × 1014 | 1.99 × 10−9 | 38 |
Rk 7/Rd 11 | 3CH2 + C2H5 → C2H4 + CH3 | 1.22 | 3.00 × 10−11 | 5.99 × 1020 | 2.79 × 10−3 | 37 |
Rk 8/Rl 3 | 3CH2 + C3H7 → C2H4 + C2H5 | 1.62 | 3.00 × 10−12 | 3.48 × 1014 | 1.62 × 10−9 | 38 |
Rk 9/Re 3 | CH3 + C2H5 → C2H4 + CH4 | 1.10 | 6.87 × 10−12 | 2.27 × 1021 | 0.011 | 15, 26 |
Rk 10/Rg 9 | C2H + C2H5 → C2H4 + C2H2 | 2.03 | 3.00 × 10−12 | 2.09 × 1018 | 9.74 × 10−6 | 37 |
Rk 11/Rg 16 | C2H3 + C2H3 → C2H4 + C2H2 | 1.60 | 3.50 × 10−11 | 1.27 × 1017 | 5.91 × 10−7 | 66 |
Rk 12 | C2H3 + C2H5 → 2 C2H4 | 1.64 | 1.50 × 10−11 | 2.40 × 1017 | 2.10 × 10−5 | 66 |
Rk 13 | C2H3 + C3H5 → C2H4 + CH2CCH2 | 1.39 | 4.00 × 10−12 | 8.05 × 1016 | 3.76 × 10−7 | 39 |
Rk 14 | C2H3 + C3H7 → C2H4 + C3H6 | 1.97 | 2.00 × 10−12 | 2.31 × 1012 | 1.08 × 10−11 | 38 |
Rk 15 | C2H3 + C4H3 → C2H4 + C4H2 | 2.07 | 1.75 × 10−12 | 1.15 × 1015 | 5.38 × 10−9 | 27 |
Rk 16/Rm 4 | 2 C2H5 → C2H4 + C2H6 | 1.44 | 2.40 × 10−12 | 1.24 × 1019 | 5.81 × 10−5 | 33 |
Rk 17 | C2H5 + C3H3 → C2H4 + CH3CCH | 1.37 | 6.68 × 10−12 | 1.39 × 1018 | 6.48 × 10−6 | 37, 44 |
Rk 18 | C2H5 + C3H5 → C2H4 + C3H6 | 1.36 | 6.68 × 10−12 | 5.27 × 1018 | 2.46 × 10−5 | 34 |
Rk 19 | C2H5 + C3H7 → C2H4 + C3H8 | 1.67 | 5.00 × 10−11 | 6.37 × 1013 | 7.82 × 10−9 | 15, 38 |
Rk 20 | C2H5 + C4H3 → C2H4 + C4H4 | 2.13 | 8.00 × 10−13 | 4.50 × 108 | 2.10 × 10−15 | 27 |
Rk 21/Rc 3 | N(4S) + C2H5 → C2H4 + NH | 0.67 | 7.10 × 10−11 | 1.87 × 1015 | 8.73 × 10−9 | 22 |
Rk 22 | C2H![]() ![]() |
0.89 | 2.09 × 10−9 | 4.22 × 1019 | 1.97 × 10−4 | 43 |
Rk 23 | C2H![]() ![]() |
1.03 | 2.57 × 10−9 | 5.40 × 1020 | 2.52 × 10−3 | 61 |
Rk 24 | C2H![]() |
1.58 | 3.80 × 10−9 | 3.64 × 1020 | 1.70 × 10−3 | 3 |
Rk 25 | C2H![]() |
0.75 | 3.55 × 10−9 | 7.39 × 1018 | 3.45 × 10−5 | 3 |
Rk 26 | C2H![]() |
1.51 | 5.80 × 10−9 | 2.35 × 1019 | 1.10 × 10−4 | 15 |
Rk 27 | C2H![]() |
1.10 | 6.00 × 10−9 | 2.10 × 1016 | 9.81 × 10−8 | 15 |
Rk 28/Rb 9 | C3H![]() |
1.82 | ![]() |
3.81 × 1015 | 1.78 × 10−8 | 18 |
Rk 29/Rd 34 | C3H![]() |
2.90 | ![]() |
1.56 × 1020 | 7.27 × 10−4 | 12 |
C2H5 | ||||||
Rl 1 | H + C2H4 + M → C2H5 + M | 0.77 | k0 = 1.64 × 10−28 | 2.85 × 1016 | 1.33 × 10−7 | 34, 77 |
k∞ = 4.85 × 10−14 | ||||||
kR = 5.62 × 10−17 | ||||||
Fc = 0.20 | ||||||
Rl 2/Rk 6 | 1CH2 + C3H7 → C2H5 + C2H4 | 1.76 | 4.29 × 10−11 | 2.40 × 1014 | 1.12 × 10−9 | 38 |
Rl 3/Rk 8 | 3CH2 + C3H7 → C2H5 + C2H4 | 1.56 | 3.00 × 10−12 | 2.00 × 1014 | 9.33 × 10−10 | 38 |
Rl 4/Rg 11 | C2H + C2H6 → C2H2 + C2H5 | 0.65 | 4.15 × 10−11 | 1.68 × 1019 | 1.51 × 10−6 | 52 |
Rl 5 | C2H + C3H7 → C2H5 + C3H3 | 1.22 | 2.00 × 10−11 | 2.00 × 1013 | 9.32 × 10−11 | 38 |
Rl 6 | C3H![]() |
0.91 | ![]() |
3.34 × 1018 | 1.56 × 10−5 | 18 |
Rl 7/Rd 35 | C3H![]() |
2.75 | ![]() |
1.58 × 1019 | 7.38 × 10−5 | 18 |
C2H6 | ||||||
Rm 1 | H + C2H5 + M → C2H6 + M | 2.09 | k0 = 2.38 × 10−30 | 4.57 × 109 | 2.13 × 10−14 | 62, 63 |
k∞ = 1.66 × 10−10 | ||||||
Rm 2 | 2 CH3 + M → C2H6 + M | 1.85 | k0 = 2.04 × 10−25 | 6.18 × 1021 | 0.029 | 15 |
k∞ = 7.45 × 10−11 | ||||||
kR = 1.65 × 10−13 | ||||||
Fc = 0.37 | ||||||
Rm 3/Rg 17 | C2H3 + C2H5 → C2H6 + C2H2 | 1.53 | 8.00 × 10−13 | 6.76 × 1016 | 3.16 × 10−7 | 37 |
Rm 4/Rk 16 | 2 C2H5 → C2H6 + C2H4 | 1.34 | 2.40 × 10−12 | 7.08 × 1018 | 3.30 × 10−5 | 33 |
Rm 5 | C2H5 + C3H7 → C2H6 + C3H6 | 1.72 | 5.00 × 10−11 | 4.51 × 1013 | 2.10 × 10−10 | 15, 38 |
Rm 6 | C2H5 + C4H3 → C2H6 + C4H2 | 1.74 | 8.00 × 10−13 | 7.07 × 1015 | 3.30 × 10−8 | 27 |
Rm 7 | C2H![]() ![]() |
0.82 | 5.00 × 10−11 | 3.02 × 1015 | 1.41 × 10−8 | 26 |
Rm 8 | C3H![]() |
1.17 | ![]() |
2.25 × 1020 | 1.05 × 10−3 | 20 |
Rm 9/Rb 10 | C3H![]() |
2.55 | ![]() |
6.65 × 1018 | 3.10 × 10−5 | 15 |
Rm 10/Rd 36 | C3H![]() |
2.67 | ![]() |
8.19 × 1018 | 3.82 × 10−5 | 15 |
Rm 11/Ri 7 | C4H![]() |
3.32 | ![]() |
2.20 × 1018 | 1.03 × 10−5 | 18, 48 |
Notes. ΔE is the kinetic energy release, k is the reaction coefficient, Te is the electron temperature, Φesc is the escape rate of a neutral species via a certain chemical channel,
is the corresponding fractional contribution to total C or total N escape. When not stated explicitly, all rate coefficients refer to a neutral temperature of 150 K. For three-body reactions, several parameters are provided, which could be used to obtain the appropriate rate coefficients with the aid of Eqs. (1) and (2) in Sect. 2.
References. (1) Herron (1999), (2) Cravens et al. (1997), (3) McEwan & Anicich (2007), (4) Sheehan & St. -Maurice (2004), (5)Peterson et al. (1998), (6)Le Padellec et al. (1999), (7)Wakelam et al. (2015), (8)Husain & Young (1975), (9)Harding et al. (1993), (10)Dutuit et al. (2013), (11)Kalhori et al. (2002), (12)Ehlerding et al. (2004), (13)McLain et al. (2004), (14)Geppert et al. (2004a), (15)Vuitton et al. (2019), (16)Janev & Reiter (2004), (17)Geppert et al. (2004b), (18)Angelova et al. (2004), (19)Brown (1973), (20) De La Haye et al. (2007), (21) Payne et al. (1996), (22) Stief et al. (1995), (23) Xu et al. (1998), (24) Mitchell (1990), (25) Thomas et al. (2005), (26) Zhu et al. (2004), (27) Lavvas et al. (2008a), (28) Laufer et al. (1983), (29) Fulle & Hippler (1997), (30) Brownsword et al. (1997), (31) Canosa et al. (1997), (32) Baulch et al. (1992), (33) Baulch et al. (1994), (34) Baulch et al. (2005), (35) Kerr & Parsonage (1972), (36) Kinsman & Roscoe (1994), (37) Tsang & Hampson (1986), (38) Tsang (1988), (39) Tsang (1991), (40) Tsang (1992), (41) Sims et al. (1993), (42) Adams et al. (1988), (43) Anicich (1993), (44) Vuitton et al. (2006a), (45) Fahr et al. (1991), (46) Hess et al. (1989), (47) Monks et al. (1995), (48) Larsson et al. (2005), (49) Jamieson et al. (1970), (50) Kamińska et al. (2010), (51) Semaniak et al. (1998), (52) Murphy et al. (2003), (53) Hoobler et al. (1997), (54) Zetzsch & Stuhl (1981), (55) Chang & Wang (1995), (56) Petrie et al. (1991), (57) Petrie et al. (1992), (58) Clyne & Stedman (1967), (59) Reisler et al. (1980), (60) Hoobler & Leone (1997), (61) Edwards et al. (2008), (62) Teng & Jones (1972), (63) Sillesen et al. (1993), (64) Mantei & Bair (1968), (65) Wang & Frenklach (1994), (66) Laufer & Fahr (2004), (67) Husain & Kirsch (1971), (68) McKee et al. (2003), (69) Gannon et al. (2007), (70) Loison et al. (2006), (71) Wagener (1990), (72) Carty et al. (2001), (73) Goulay et al. (2007), (74) Yang et al. (1992), (75) Nizamov & Leone (2004), (76) Klippenstein et al. (2009), (77)Vuitton et al. (2012), (78)Stoliarov et al. (2000), (79)Harding et al. (2005).
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.